Table 1.
Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters by Study Group
| Variables | NIR (n = 15) | IR (n = 15) | OB-IR (n = 15) | p value | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)c | 18(18–20) | 19(18–21) | 21(19–22) | 0.02 | 0.06* |
| 0.004** | |||||
| 0.14*** | |||||
| Sex n (%)a | 0.61 | ||||
| Women | 12(80) | 10(67) | 9(60) | ||
| Men | 3(20) | 5(33) | 6(40) | ||
| Height (cm)c | 156(150–162) | 156(152–169) | 162(154–167) | 0.22 | |
| Weight (kg)c | 48.1(46–59.5) | 50.9(46–58.3) | 82.6(79.2–87.2) | 0.0001 | 0.39* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| <0.001*** | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2)c | 20.3(19.4–22.5) | 20.9(19.4–23.1) | 31.3(30.7–32.7) | 0.0001 | 0.30* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| <0.001*** | |||||
| Fat mass (%)b | 24.6 ± 5.9 | 23.8 ± 6.1 | 34.4 ± 5.1 | <0.001 | 0.92* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| <0.001*** | |||||
| Fat mass (kg)c | 11.2(9–18.9) | 12(11.1–16.9) | 29.7(25.9–33.3) | 0.0001 | 0.28* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| <0.001*** | |||||
| Waist (cm)c | 72(65–77) | 70(64–80.7) | 93(87.5–105) | 0.0001 | 0.28* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| 0.0001*** | |||||
| Hip (cm)c | 90.5(85–94) | 89(88–84) | 110(105.5–113) | 0.0001 | 0.47* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| <0.001*** | |||||
| WHRc | 0.77(0.75–0.79) | 0.78(0.74–0.87) | 0.85(0.78–0.93) | 0.048 | 0.23* |
| 0.008** | |||||
| 0.045*** | |||||
| SBP (mmHg)c | 101(91–104) | 107(101–114) | 111(108–116) | 0.003 | 0.02* |
| 0.0004** | |||||
| 0.11*** | |||||
| DBP (mmHg)b | 61 ± 9.0 | 66.4 ± 10.2 | 71.6 ± 7.7 | 0.01 | 0.25* |
| 0.007** | |||||
| 0.27*** | |||||
| Glucose (mg/dL)b | 74 ± 7.3 | 80.2 ± 9.3 | 82 ± 12.1 | 0.07 | |
| Insulin (µU/mL)c | 10.9(8.36–13.2) | 23.5(20.1–27.5) | 39.2(30.5–46.9) | 0.0001 | 0.0001* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| 0.02*** | |||||
| HOMA-IRc | 2.02(1.28–2.52) | 4.74(3.82–5.41) | 7.93(5.79–8.34) | 0.0001 | 0.0001* |
| <0.001** | |||||
| 0.02*** | |||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL)c | 166(149–181) | 167(135–172) | 188(163–211) | 0.04 | 0.32* |
| 0.03** | |||||
| 0.008*** | |||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)c | 70(58–90) | 79(64–100) | 124(100–141) | 0.01 | 0.24* |
| 0.002** | |||||
| 0.01*** | |||||
| LDL-C (mg/dL)b | 101.8 ± 22.4 | 104.2 ± 25.8 | 101.8 ± 38.4 | 0.97 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL)b | 39.5 ± 3.7 | 39.1 ± 3.6 | 37.4 ± 3.4 | 0.23 |
Notes: aData presented as n and percentage (%); Fisher´s exact test. bData presented as mean ± SD; ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparisons test. cData presented as median and 25th and 75th percentile; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Kruskal–Wallis with multiple comparisons (post hoc) showing differences between: *NIR vs IR, **NIR vs OB-IR, ***IR vs OB-IR. p values <0.05 were considered significant. Bold numbers highlight statistical significance.
Abbreviations: WHR, waist to hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.