Figure 10.

(a-b) SEM and confocal images for the morphology and cytoskeleton of BMSC cultured in TSSP, 1CSP, 2CSP, 3CSP, and 4CSP-AKT bioceramic scaffolds for 3 days. (c-d) The adhesion and proliferation of BMSC at different incubation time showing enhanced adherence and proliferation of cells with increase in channel numbers in the biomimetic scaffolds. (e) Fluorescence image of histological sections of biomimetic scaffolds stained with DAPI optical microscope image of 3CSP biomimetic scaffolds with blood vessels perfused by microfill. (f-g) Typical 3D reconstruction micro-CT images of the edges between materials and rabbit calvarial defects and analysis of the volume ratio of the newly formed bone to the defect regions (BV/TV). (h) The undecalcified histological sections stained with Van Gieson’s picrofuchsin, newly formed bone tissues (in red) can be well observed (blue arrows point to the new bone). Adapted from.¹²⁵