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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int Mater Rev. 2021 Jul 5;67(4):347–384. doi: 10.1080/09506608.2021.1946236

Figure 12.

Figure 12.

(a) In vitro cell-activities and live/dead images of the cell-laden scaffolds. (b) Osteogenic activities (Alizarin Red S and Osteopontin staining) of cell-laden scaffolds at day 14. Adapted from.31 (c) Calcein AM (green) and PI (red) staining assay for live and dead analysis of DPSCs after 1, 3, and 5 days in the cell-laden ECM and ECM/AMP-bioprinted constructs (red arrows: dead cells). DPSCs show an elongated morphology in AMP-modified constructs. (d) Micro-CT analysis of rat skull 3D rendering at 4- and 8-weeks. Calvarial defects that were left empty did not heal spontaneously for the duration of the study. In contrast, bone healing was gradually achieved when the defects were filled with either ECM or ECM/1.0AMP. Adapted from.13