Figure 9.

(a) SEM images of the porous MEW scaffold structures. (b) Immunocytochemistry analysis of osteogenitor markers (collagen I, osteopontin and osteocalcin) for human osteoblast cells cultured in (A, B, C) Osteogenic medium (D, E, F) Basal medium after 14 and 30 days. Adapted from.⁷⁸ (c) SEM and confocal micrographs of MEW PCL mesh and its interaction with hMSCs after 3 days. (d) Macrophotographs (A) detailing the steps involved in the fabrication of highly porous MEW PCL meshes with well-controlled 3D architecture and infusion with GelMA+AMP using a custom-made mold. (B-E) Representative cross-section SEM micrograph of the GelMA-PCL (GP) membrane showing the hydrogel phase uniformly infiltrated into the pores of the polymer mesh. (e) Masson’s trichrome stained sections of implanted membrane showing the remnants of the GelMA surrounded by newly generating ossifying bone after 8 weeks in the bioactive hydrogel infused in the PCL mesh and bioactive hydrogel group, indicating slower degradation of GelMA in presence of AMP and PCL mesh. Adapted from.¹²