Fig. 4 |. GSEA for proteins associated with ΔVo₂max or baseline Vo₂max.

Overview of overrepresented biological pathways and their connectivity using Cytoscape v3.7.1. a, Network visualization of GSEA results using the complete dataset of protein–ΔVO₂max associations. Red dots indicate pathways with over-represented positive protein–ΔVO₂max associations, and blue dots indicate over-represented negative protein–ΔVO₂max associations. A larger circle size denotes a larger number of genes in a pathway, and darker shades indicate a higher degree of enrichment. Clusters indicate biological pathways with shared proteins and biological function. b–d, Selected clusters of biological pathways with annotation, from a; the top contributing proteins to enrichment score are shown in a table. e, Network visualization of GSEA results using the complete dataset of protein–baseline VO₂max associations.