TABLE 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study participants

Inclusion Criteria

All:

• Women ages 18–60 able to speak and understand English

Urgency and Frequency Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (UF-LUTS):

• Bothersome urgency or frequency in the past 4 weeks

Controls:

• No UF-LUTS in the past 6 months

• Age, BMI, & vaginal parity matched to cases

Exclusion Criteria

• Stress urinary incontinence or mixed incontinence more than once per month

• Current or recurrent urinary tract infectiona or gynecologic infection or cancer

• Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapsea

• Previous surgery for pelvic organ prolapse or incontinence

• Hip, pelvic, or trunk trauma or cancer

• Abdominal or pelvic surgery in the past year

• Current injury that would limit their ability to participate in testing

• Onabotulinum toxin injections to the bladder, pelvic floor or hip muscles

• Vulvovaginal dermatological conditions associated with UF-LUTS

• Diabetes

• Current pregnancya or birth/termination/miscarriage in the past 12 weeks

• Neurological involvement that would influence their coordination or balance

• Implanted devices that impair the ability to visualize / make ultrasound measures

^aItems ruled out during final eligibility exam