. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 22.

Published in final edited form as: J Soc Pers Relat. 2021 Dec 15;39(6):1602–1622. doi: 10.1177/02654075211061279

Table 4.

Interaction effects between loneliness, age at immigration, and social relationships.

		95% CI
	b (SE)	Lower	Upper
Loneliness × Immigration at age 19–44^a	.07 (.05)	−.02	.16
Loneliness × Immigration at age 45 or older^a	.12 (.06)^*	.00	.23
Loneliness × Frequency of family contact	.01 (.02)	−.02	.05
Loneliness × Number of close family	.03 (.04)	−.06	.11
Loneliness × Perceived positive support	.01 (.00)	−.00	.01
Loneliness × Perceived negative strain	.01 (.00)^*	.00	.02
Loneliness × Hours of helping family	−.04 (.01)^**	−.06	−.02

Notes. CI: confidence interval.

Reference group was immigration at age <19. Covariates (age, gender, race, education, marital status, living with children, chronic conditions, and functional limitations) were controlled in each analysis. Significance levels are denoted as

p<.05

^**

p<.01

^***

p<.001.