Table 2.
Individual perceptions influencing ART adherence based on the Health Belief Model (N = 397)
| Variable | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived threat | ||
| Refusal to attend ART is a serious risk | ||
| Disagree | 33 | 8.3 |
| Agree | 364 | 91.7 |
| Refusal to adhere leads to getting AIDS faster | ||
| Disagree | 39 | 9.8 |
| Agree | 358 | 90.2 |
| Severe consequences due to non-adherence | ||
| Disagree | 48 | 12.1 |
| Agree | 349 | 87.9 |
| Irregular intake of drugs can lead to death | ||
| Disagree | 33 | 8.3 |
| Agree | 364 | 91.7 |
| Non-adherence is life-threatening | ||
| Disagree | 38 | 9.6 |
| Agree | 359 | 90.4 |
| Perceived threat | ||
| No perceived threat | 51 | 12.8 |
| Perceived threat | 346 | 87.2 |
| Perceived benefits | ||
| Following a treatment plan can make me healthy | ||
| Disagree | 34 | 8.6 |
| Agree | 363 | 91.4 |
| Following a treatment plan can reduce viral load | ||
| Disagree | 37 | 9.3 |
| Agree | 360 | 90.7 |
| Adhering to ART improves the condition | ||
| Disagree | 35 | 8.2 |
| Agree | 362 | 91.2 |
| Strict adherence to a treatment plan is crucial | ||
| Disagree | 58 | 14.6 |
| Agree | 339 | 85.4 |
| Perceived benefit | ||
| No perceived benefit | 63 | 15.9 |
| Perceived benefit | 334 | 84.1 |
| Perceived barriers | ||
| I develop side effects | ||
| Disagree | 82 | 20.6 |
| Agree | 315 | 79.4 |
| Lots of time spent for a refill | ||
| Disagree | 103 | 25.9 |
| Agree | 294 | 74.1 |
| Expensive transportation cost | ||
| Disagree | 105 | 26.4 |
| Agree | 292 | 73.6 |
| ART still effective without regular use | ||
| Disagree | 107 | 26.9 |
| Agree | 290 | 73.1 |
| Lose income | ||
| Disagree | 84 | 21.2 |
| Agree | 313 | 78.8 |
| Perceived barrier | ||
| No perceived barrier | 115 | 29.0 |
| Perceived barrier | 282 | 71.0 |
| Self-efficacy | ||
| Recommended ART plan not difficult | ||
| Disagree | 51 | 12.8 |
| Agree | 346 | 87.2 |
| Confident to take all my ART | ||
| Disagree | 149 | 37.5 |
| Agree | 248 | 62.5 |
| Self-discipline to adhere to ART | ||
| Disagree | 85 | 21.4 |
| Agree | 312 | 78.6 |
| ART adherence despite side effects | ||
| Disagree | 62 | 15.6 |
| Agree | 335 | 84.4 |
| Self -efficacy | ||
| Low self-efficacy | 89 | 22.4 |
| High self-efficacy | 308 | 77.6 |
| Cues to action | ||
| Know friend or family who died of HIV | ||
| Disagree | 80 | 20.2 |
| Agree | 317 | 79.9 |
| Know friend or family who died of HIV due to non-adherence | ||
| Disagree | 52 | 13.1 |
| Agree | 345 | 86.9 |
| Reminders from health workers for a refill | ||
| Disagree | 54 | 13.6 |
| Agree | 343 | 86.4 |
| Cues to action | ||
| No perceived cues | 91 | 22.9 |
| Perceived cues | 306 | 77.1 |
ART, antiretroviral therapy.