Table 4.

Likelihood ratio test of the items under each construct of the Health Belief Model to ART adherence

Variables	−2 Log likelihood of reduced model	Chi-square (P-value)	COR (95% CI) (P-value)	df
Perceived threat
Refusal to attend ART is a serious risk	271.741	1.01 (0.315)		1
Refusal to adhere leads to getting AIDS faster	271.567	1.36 (0.244)		1
Severe consequences due to non-adherence	272.153	0.20 (0.652)		1
Irregular intake of drugs can lead to death	271.741	1.01 (0.315)		1
Non-adherence is life-threatening	272.198	0.11 (0.735)		1
Perceived benefits
Following treatment plan can make me healthy	271.578	1.33 (0.249)		1
Following treatment plan can reduce viral load	271.862	0.78 (0.378)		1
Adhering to ART improves condition	271.395	1.68 (0.194)		1
Strict adherence to treatment plan is crucial	272.2.7	0.09 (0.758)		1
Perceived barriers
I develop side effects	269.885	4.66 (0.031)	1.74 (1.05–2.89) (0.032*)	1
Lots of time spent for refill	272.075	0.36 (0.549)		1
Expensive transportation cost	272.197	0.12 (0.733)		1
ART still effective without regular use	272.205	0.10 (0.753)		1
Lose income	263.985	1.46 (0.035)	1.71 (1.04–2.83) (0.036*)	1
Self-efficacy
Recommended ART plan not difficult	272.170	0.17 (0.682)		1
Confident to take all my ART	272.170	0.84 (0.358)		1
Self-discipline to adhere to ART	271.834	0.54 (0.461)		1
ART adherence despite side effects	269.898	4.60 (0.032)	1.86 (1.04–3.31) (0.034*)	1
Cues to action
Know friend or family who died of HIV	272.656	0.19 (0.276)		1
Know friend or family who died of HIV due to non-adherence	272.000	2.46 (0.117)		1
Reminders from health workers for a refill	269.985	4.42 (0.036)	1.91 (1.04– 3.53) (0.038*)	1

ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; df, degrees of freedom. *P < 0.05.