Table 3.
Associations between lifetime substance use and the five NDSS subdomains.
| Lifetime use | Smoking drive | Nicotine tolerance | Continuous smoking | Behavioral priority | Stereotypy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI)1 | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Psilocybin | 0.96 (0.90, 1.01) | 0.170 | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) | 0.188 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.475 | 0.93* (0.88, 0.99) | 0.048 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) | 0.335 |
| Peyote | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.061 | 0.89* (0.81, 0.98) | 0.038 | 0.88* (0.80, 0.96) | 0.022 | 0.91 (0.83, 1.00) | 0.081 | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.058 |
| Mescaline | 0.82** (0.73, 0.92) | 0.008 | 0.79** (0.72, 0.88) | 0.002 | 0.84* (0.75, 0.93) | 0.010 | 0.83** (0.74, 0.92) | 0.008 | 0.86* (0.77, 0.95) | 0.015 |
| LSD | 1.24*** (1.17, 1.32) | 4.54e−05 | 1.21*** (1.14, 1.28) | 1.61e−04 | 1.22*** (1.15, 1.29) | 8.64e−05 | 1.21*** (1.14, 1.28) | 1.09e−04 | 1.17*** (1.11, 1.24) | 3.55e−04 |
| MDMA/ecstasy | 1.25*** (1.19, 1.32) | 1.49e−05 | 1.32*** (1.25, 1.38) | 1.57e−06 | 1.26*** (1.19, 1.33) | 1.59e−05 | 1.23*** (1.17, 1.30) | 1.90e−05 | 1.26*** (1.20, 1.31) | 4.01e−06 |
| PCP | 1.01 (0.92, 1.12) | 0.795 | 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) | 0.954 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 0.851 | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 0.521 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) | 0.597 |
| Cocaine | 1.70*** (1.62, 1.79) | 5.24e−09 | 1.68*** (1.60, 1.76) | 3.50e−09 | 1.66*** (1.58, 1.74) | 7.14e−09 | 1.67*** (1.60, 1.75) | 3.61e−09 | 1.60*** (1.53, 1.68) | 9.75e−09 |
| Heroin | 1.73*** (1.56, 1.93) | 3.22e−06 | 1.70*** (1.54, 1.88) | 2.72e−06 | 1.57*** (1.42, 1.73) | 9.72e−06 | 1.51*** (1.36, 1.67) | 2.38e−05 | 1.31*** (1.19, 1.44) | 3.81e−04 |
| Inhalants | 1.03 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.285 | 1.02 (0.96, 1.07) | 0.599 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 0.960 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 0.643 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 0.190 |
| Pain Relievers | 1.12*** (1.07, 1.16) | 4.69e−04 | 1.11*** (1.07, 1.16) | 7.16e−04 | 1.10** (1.06, 1.15) | 0.002 | 1.09** (1.05, 1.14) | 0.003 | 1.06* (1.02, 1.10) | 0.024 |
| Tranquilizers | 1.17*** (1.12, 1.22) | 5.98e−05 | 1.17*** (1.12, 1.21) | 4.09e−05 | 1.14*** (1.09, 1.19) | 2.58e−04 | 1.15*** (1.10, 1.21) | 1.47e−04 | 1.10** (1.05, 1.15) | 0.003 |
| Stimulants | 1.10*** (1.06, 1.14) | 8.40e−04 | 1.11*** (1.07, 1.16) | 5.11e−04 | 1.09** (1.05, 1.13) | 0.002 | 1.10** (1.06, 1.14) | 0.001 | 1.09** (1.05, 1.13) | 0.002 |
| Sedatives | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 0.966 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.427 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.337 | 0.96 (0.92, 1.01) | 0.163 | 0.93* (0.89, 0.97) | 0.013 |
| Marijuana | 2.80*** (2.69, 2.91) | 2.66e−12 | 2.80*** (2.69, 2.92) | 2.45e−12 | 2.79*** (2.68, 2.90) | 1.93e−12 | 2.78*** (2.66, 2.90) | 3.53e−12 | 2.68*** (2.57, 2.79) | 4.39e−12 |
Significant values conferring lowered odds of nicotine dependence are in bold.
1*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval.