Table 5.
General clinical and functional characteristics of patients with brain injury and their performance on the index test based on the presence of aphasia, dysarthria, or cognitive dysfunction
| Characteristic | Brain injury (n = 314) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aphasia |
effect size | p value | ||
| present (n = 92) | absent (n = 222) | |||
| Disease duration, daysa | 45.4 (45.6) | 46.6 (52.4) | 0.02 | 0.839 |
| mRS | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 0.25 | 0.030 |
| Lesion site, %b | 0.47 | <0.001 | ||
| Left hemisphere | 72 (76.6) | 65 (29.5) | ||
| Right hemisphere | 9 (9.6) | 87 (39.5) | ||
| Bilateral hemisphere | 2 (2.1) | 11 (5.0) | ||
| Cerebellum/brainstem | 0 (0.0) | 36 (16.4) | ||
| Others | 8 (8.5) | 18 (8.2) | ||
| Index testc | ||||
| STAD verbal | 56.4 (29.4) | 93.0 (13.0) | 1.90 | <0.001 |
| STAD-articulation | 67.5 (36.9) | 75.5 (28.2) | 0.26 | 0.040 |
| STAD-nonverbal | 67.5 (31.1) | 81.4 (22.8) | 0.55 | <0.001 |
| Characteristic | dysarthria |
effect size | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present (n = 154) | absent (n =160) | |||
| Disease duration, daysa | 42.5 (44.7) | 48.9 (50.3) | 0.07 | 0.235 |
| mRS | 3.3 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.4) | 0.38 | 0.001 |
| Lesion site, %b | 0.22 | 0.005 | ||
| Left hemisphere | 64 (41.6) | 73 (47.4) | ||
| Right hemisphere | 53 (34.4) | 43 (27.9) | ||
| Bilateral hemisphere | 5 (3.2) | 8 (5.2) | ||
| Cerebellum/brainstem | 23 (14.9) | 13 (8.4) | ||
| Others | 5 (3.2) | 21 (13.6) | ||
| Index testc | ||||
| STAD-verbal | 82.4 (26.4) | 82.1 (24.6) | 0.01 | 0.913 |
| STAD-articulation | 55.3 (28.2) | 90.4 (23.4) | 1.36 | <0.001 |
| STAD-nonverbal | 79.4 (26.3) | 75.2 (26.1) | 0.16 | 0.154 |
| Characteristic | cognitive dysfunction |
effect size | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present (n = 179) | absent (n = 135) | |||
| Disease duration, daysa | 53.7 (48.1) | 35.0 (44.9) | 0.40 | <0.001 |
| mRS | 3.6 (1.1) | 2.4 (1.2) | 1.06 | <0.001 |
| Lesion site, %b | 0.27 | <0.001 | ||
| Left hemisphere | 71 (39.7) | 66 (48.9) | ||
| Right hemisphere | 67 (37.4) | 29 (21.5) | ||
| Bilateral hemisphere | 11 (6.1) | 2 (1.5) | ||
| Cerebellum/brainstem | 11 (6.1) | 25 (18.5) | ||
| Others | 13 (7.3) | 13 (9.6) | ||
| Index testc | ||||
| STAD-verbal | 75.4 (27.8) | 91.3 (18.6) | 0.66 | <0.001 |
| STAD-articulation | 68.1 (33.6) | 80.0 (26.4) | 0.39 | <0.001 |
| STAD-nonverbal | 63.7 (26.8) | 95.5 (8.9) | 1.51 | <0.001 |
Data are reported as means (SDs) and proportions (%). Percentages indicate the proportions between participant groups. Differences in means were calculated by Student t and Cohen's d tests for significance and effect size, respectively. Differences in proportion were calculated by χ2 and Cramer's V for significance and effect size, respectively.
n = 312 (undetectable onset day of chronic subdural hematoma patients who had not undergone surgery).
n = 307 (containing data inadequacy).
Correctness on each STAD section. mRS, modified Rankin Scale; STAD, Screening Test for Aphasia and Dysarthria.