Table 3.

Effect of Mindfulness Base Flow Practice (MBFP) versus Relaxation on BDNF and other biomarkers.

Measurement	Treatment effect (After-Before intervention)				Carry over effect	Period effect	Sequence effect
	MBFP Mean (SE)	Relaxation Mean (SE)	Different effect: MBFP-Relaxation (95%CI)	p-value	p-value	p-value	Examine form the Plot of Sequence-by-Period Means
Biomarker outcome
Serum BDNF ng/ml (N = 40)	2.16 (0.46)	0.83 (0.40)	1.33 (0.06–2.24)	0.040	0.91 no	0.46 no	yes
Cortisol mg/dl (N = 40)	0.007 (0.70)	−0.710 (0.86)	0.71 (−3.47 to 2.05)	0.601	0.46 no	0.43 no	no
Oxphos complex1 ng/ml (N = 35)	−0.41 (−0.15)	−0.21 (0.11)	−0.20 (-0.03 to −0.39)	0.033	0.10 no	0.41 no	yes
Oxphos complex2 ng/ml (N = 35)	−0.383 (0.13)	−0.272 (0.11)	−0.11 (−1.02 to 0.79)	0.801	0.97 no	0.02 yes	yes
Oxphos complex3 ng/ml (N = 35)	−0.141 (0.07	−0.122 (0.15)	0.02 (−0.301to 0.261)	0.887	0.82 no	0.47 no	yes
Oxphos Complex4 ng/dl(N = 35)	−0.223 (0.11)	−0.252 (0.14)	−0.03 (−0.466 to 0.409)	0.890	0.82 no	0.17 no	yes
Oxphos Complex5 ng/dl(N = 35)	−0.252 (0.15)	−0.179 (0.12)	−0.08 (−0.514to 0.369)	0.592t	0.06 no	0.98 no	yes
Clinical outcome
VAS-A (N = 35)	−22.54 (7.45)	−12.56 (4.77)	−9.89 (4.81–19.47)	0.001	0.60 no	0.75 no	no
Forward digit span (N = 40)	4.95 (0.34)	4.99 (0.39)	−0.03 (−0.65 to 0.59)	0.956t	0.04 yes	0.99 no	no
Backward digit span (N = 40)	3.59 (0.37)	3.17 (0.35)	−0.42 (0.05–0.82)	0.060 t	0.92 no	0.12 no	no
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
LF/HF ratio (N = 40)	0.15 (0.09)	−0.015 (0.09)	0.166 (0.38–0.05)	0.125	0.65 no	0.29 no	yes
SDNN (N = 40)	14.65 (1.94)	12.64 (2.40)	1.98 (−10.17 to 6.21)	0.828	0.40 no	0.00 yes	no
RMSSD (N = 40)	26.21 (3.38)	24.85 (3.11)	1.35 (−12.69 to 9.98)	0.950t	0.71 no	0.00 yes	no

t = Shapiro-Wilk test >0.05 the assumption of normal distribution was rejected and therefore t Mann Whitney rank test was used instead paired-T test.