Table 1.
General characteristics of patients and healthy controls.
| SSD | HCs | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 37.1 ± 13.5 | 32.5 ± 8.2 | 0.120 |
| Sex, males | 52.9% | 39.3% | 0.124 |
| Education, years | 13.1 ± 2.8 | 15.8 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 4.7 | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 0.074 |
| Cigarette smoking, yes | 46.2% | 8.9% | <0.001 |
| SOFAS | 45.2 ± 16.3 | 96.3 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| RBANS – immediate memory | 37.9 ± 11.0 | 51.9 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| RBANS – visuospatial/constructional abilities | 32.2 ± 7.4 | 38.1 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| RBANS – language | 26.5 ± 6.6 | 33.7 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
| RBANS – attention | 44.5 ± 15.2 | 68.9 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
| RBANS – delayed memory | 42.8 ± 10.5 | 56.0 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
| PANSS-P | 14.1 ± 5.2 | – | – |
| PANSS-N | 20.9 ± 9.3 | – | – |
| MADRS | 8.1 ± 8.1 | – | – |
| YMRS | 2.1 ± 5.0 | – | – |
| CPZeq, mg/day | 380.6 ± 211.6 | – | – |
Abbreviations: BMI – body-mass index; CPZeq – chlorpromazine equivalent dosage; HCs – healthy controls; MADRS – the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PANSS-N – the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (subscale of negative symptoms); PANSS-P – the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (subscale of positive symptoms); RBANS – the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; SOFAS – the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; SSD – schizophrenia spectrum disorders; YMRS – the Young Mania Rating Scale.