Fig. 4.

Augmentation of LPS, PA and LPS plus PA stimulated IL-6 production by co-culture of microglia with U937 and human lymphocyte. HMC3 and U937 (A) or human lymphocyte (B) were cultured independently or together (co-culture) in the absence or presence of 100 ​ng/ml of LPS, 200 ​μM of PA, and LPS plus PA for 24 ​h. After the treatment, IL-6 level in culture medium was quantified using ELISA. Values are expressed as means ​± ​SEM. ∗p ​< ​0.05, ∗∗p ​< ​0.01 and ∗∗∗p ​< ​0.001.