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. 2022 Jun 22;8(25):eabn9699. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9699

Fig. 2. Comparative metabolomics.

Fig. 2.

(A) mtDNA mutation burden in different thyroid cancer subtypes. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001. N.S., not significant. (B) HCC, HA, PDTC, TCV-PTC, and normal samples in the first two components of PCA space. (C) Differential metabolite abundance test between HCC tumor and HA samples. (D) Volcano plot of DA test in HCC tumor versus PDTC and TCV-PTC. (E) Metabolic changes of lysine degradation pathway in HCC tumors relative to normals. NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, reduced form of NADP+. (F) The proportion of differentially abundant metabolites in tumors relative to normal tissues for HCC and other cancer types. Despite a comparatively small sample size and statistical power to detect changes in metabolite levels relative to datasets, HCC is characterized by a high proportion of differentially abundant metabolites. BRCA1, breast invasive carcinoma, study 1; BRCA2, breast invasive carcinoma, study 2; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; HCC, hürthle cell carcinoma; KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; OV, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma; PRAD1, prostate adenocarcinoma, study 1; PRAD2, prostate adenocarcinoma, study 2; PAAD1, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, study 1; PAAD2, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, study 2; PAAD3, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, study 3; and refer to Reznik et al. (22) for the details in each study. (G) Significantly differentially abundant metabolites in HCC (red color) and other cancer types (black color) in (F). Specific metabolites show exceptionally large-magnitude decreases/increases in abundance in HCC, including citrate, aconitate, glucose, NAD+, and vitamin C.