Table 1. Summary of integrated molecular characteristics of HCC.
Summary of integrated landscape from genetic, transcriptomic and metabolomics platforms in HCC tumors.
| C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | |
| Samples | 6/28 (21%) | 6/28 (21%) | 7/28 (25%) | 9/28 (32%) |
| HMIN | 5/6 (83%) | 2/6 (33%) | 3/7 (43%) | 3/9 (33%) |
| HWIDE | 1/6 (17%) | 4/6 (67%) | 4/7 (57%) | 6/9 (67%) |
| Recurrence | 0/6 (0%) | 0/6 (0%) | 2/7 (29%) | 4/9 (44%) |
| mTOR pathway | 5/6 (83%) | 4/6 (67%) | 6/7 (86%) | 7/9 (78%) |
| mtDNA | 4/6 (67%) | 5/6 (83%) | 4/7 (57%) | 5/9 (56%) |
| LOH/UPD | 0/6 (0%) | 4/6 (67%) | 5/7 (71%) | 4/9 (44%) |
| Gene expression pathway | Upregulation of genes in the TCA cycle |
Upregulation of MYC target pathway, downregulation of genes in the TCA cycle |
Upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation |
Upregulation of inflammation and the immune response |
| Metabolic pathway | Enriched lysine degradation | Elevation of ceramide/ sphingomyelin species |
Enriched valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and lysine degradation |
Elevation of acylcarnitine species, kynurenine, and 1-methylnicotinamide, depletion of saccharopine and 3 constituents of the NAD+ pathway |
| TME signatures | Depletion of CD8+ T cells and elevation of PDL1 |
Depletion of Th cells and elevation of PDL1 and other immune checkpoints |
Depletion of Th cells | Enriched regulatory T cells, exhausted T cells and depletion of Th17 cells |
| Gene expression | Upregulation of NEAT1, MALAT1 |
Upregulation of IDO1,
chemokine ligand family members |
Abbreviations: HCC, Hürthle cell carcinoma; C, cluster; HMIN, minimally invasive HCC; HWIDE, widely invasive HCC; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; LOH/UPD, loss of heterozygosity/uniparental disomy; MYC, MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; TCA, citric acid cycle; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; TME, tumor microenvironment; CD8, cluster of differentiation 8; PDL1, programmed death-ligand 1; Th, T helper