Figure 3.

Structural evolution of 1928ζ and 19BBζ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells.

Current strategies to enhance therapeutic potency of prototype CD19 CAR T cells (centre) involve alterations in each structural component of the CAR design, including scFv, hinge and transmembrane (H/T) domains, and intracellular signalling moieties (costimulation and CD3ζ chain). Novel approaches to tailor CAR T-cell properties further include changes in downstream signalling, transcriptional alterations and gene-editing strategies.