Table 2.
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with referral interval
| Characteristic | Pandemic cohort (n = 753; 41%) | Historic cohort (n = 1070; 59%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Referral interval | ≤30 d, (n = 529; 70%) | >30 d, (n = 224; 30%) | p-value | ≤30 d, (n = 429; 40%) | >30 d, (n = 641; 60%) | p-value |
| Race | ||||||
| Black/African American | 162 (33) | 62 (31) | .02* | 134 (35) | 182 (32) | .39 |
| White/Caucasian | 279 (57) | 101 (51) | 210 (55) | 335 (59) | ||
| Other | 46 (9) | 34 (17) | 39 (10) | 49 (9) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 38 (8) | 23 (12) | .10 | 22 (6) | 35 (6) | .73 |
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 441 (92) | 170 (88) | 361 (94) | 521 (94) | ||
| Primary language | ||||||
| English | 501 (97) | 199 (91) | <.01* | 416 (97) | 610 (97) | .84 |
| Non-English | 16 (3) | 19 (9) | 12 (3) | 19 (3) | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Working | 248 (66) | 80 (53) | <.01* | 168 (66) | 213 (57) | .03* |
| Other or not working | 130 (34) | 72 (47) | 88 (34) | 161 (43) | ||
| Insurance status | ||||||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 93 (18) | 52 (23) | .17 | 79 (18) | 132 (21) | .53 |
| Private/other | 333 (63) | 127 (57) | 301 (70) | 429 (67) | ||
| None | 103 (19) | 45 (20) | 49 (11) | 80 (12) | ||
| Housing units per square km | ||||||
| <35.1 | 131 (25) | 58 (26) | .38 | 92 (22) | 175 (27) | .03* |
| 35.1–139.5 | 144 (27) | 48 (22) | 99 (23) | 167 (26) | ||
| 139.6–400.5 | 132 (25) | 57 (26) | 114 (27) | 150 (23) | ||
| ≥400.6 | 122 (23) | 60 (27) | 123 (29) | 148 (23) | ||
| Proportion of adults who completed high school | ||||||
| <0.83 | 129 (24) | 50 (22) | .85 | 90 (21) | 169 (26) | .03* |
| 0.83–0.89 | 108 (20) | 51 (23) | 119 (28) | 159 (25) | ||
| 0.90–0.94 | 164 (31) | 71 (32) | 110 (26) | 187 (29) | ||
| ≥0.95 | 128 (24) | 52 (23) | 110 (26) | 126 (20) | ||
| Proportion in poverty | ||||||
| <0.07 | 139 (26) | 67 (30) | .15 | 115 (27) | 133 (21) | .02* |
| 0.07–0.11 | 145 (27) | 51 (23) | 112 (26) | 152 (24) | ||
| 0.12–0.19 | 127 (24) | 44 (20) | 99 (23) | 197 (31) | ||
| ≥0.20 | 118 (22) | 62 (28) | 103 (24) | 159 (25) | ||
| Distance to hospital—quartiles | ||||||
| <24 miles | 168 (32) | 64 (29) | .70 | 98 (23) | 131 (20) | .12 |
| 24–38 miles | 144 (27) | 58 (26) | 123 (29) | 152 (24) | ||
| 39–70 miles | 115 (22) | 53 (24) | 95 (22) | 161 (25) | ||
| ≥71 miles | 102 (19) | 49 (22) | 113 (26) | 197 (31) | ||
| Distance to hospital—median and interquartile range (miles) | ||||||
| 34 (19–56) | 37 (19–63) | .33 | 38 (25–72) | 44 (26–80) | .04* | |
⁎
statistically significant; p < .05.