Table 2. Distribution of lifestyle-related factors and their association with mental health problems among the patients suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome.
| Lifestyle-related factors | Total (N = 409) | Loneliness (N = 289) | Generalized anxiety disorder (N = 359) | Depressive disorder (N = 244) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | χ2 | df | p-value | n | % | χ2 | df | p-value | n | % | χ2 | d f | p-value | |
| Perform regular physical exercise | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 93 | 22.74 | 68 | 23.53 | 0.351 | 1 | 0.554 | 85 | 23.68 | 1.472 | 1 | 0.225 | 58 | 23.77 | 0.367 | 1 | 0.545 |
| No | 316 | 77.26 | 221 | 76.47 | 274 | 76.32 | 186 | 76.23 | |||||||||
| Physical exercise per day | |||||||||||||||||
| Less than 30 minutes | 319 | 78.00 | 226 | 78.20 | 0.024 | 1 | 0.876 | 279 | 77.72 | 0.133 | 1 | 0.715 | 201 | 82.38 | 6.76 | 1 | 0.009 |
| 30 minutes or more | 90 | 22.00 | 63 | 21.80 | 80 | 22.28 | 43 | 17.62 | |||||||||
| Physical exercise per week | |||||||||||||||||
| Less than 3 days | 323 | 78.97 | 229 | 79.24 | 0.042 | 1 | 0.838 | 279 | 77.72 | 2.795 | 1 | 0.095 | 193 | 79.1 | 0.006 | 1 | 0.940 |
| 3 or more days | 86 | 21.03 | 60 | 20.76 | 80 | 22.28 | 51 | 20.90 | |||||||||
| Frequency of taking junk food | |||||||||||||||||
| Occasionally | 121 | 29.59 | 83 | 28.72 | 5.218 | 3 | 0.157 | 104 | 28.97 | 1.537 | 3 | 0.674 | 73 | 29.92 | 12.9 | 3 | 0.005 |
| Once in a month | 45 | 11 | 26 | 8.99 | 41 | 11.42 | 32 | 13.11 | |||||||||
| Once in a week | 143 | 34.96 | 106 | 36.68 | 128 | 35.65 | 70 | 28.69 | |||||||||
| Frequently | 100 | 24.45 | 74 | 25.61 | 86 | 23.96 | 69 | 28.28 | |||||||||
| Diet pattern | |||||||||||||||||
| Vegetarian | 5 | 1.22 | 2 | 0.69 | 2.558 | 2 | 0.278 | 5 | 1.4 | 2.021 | 2 | 0.364 | 1 | 0.41 | 4.37 | 2 | 0.112 |
| Non-vegetarian | 32 | 7.83 | 24 | 8.31 | 26 | 7.24 | 22 | 9.02 | |||||||||
| Mixed | 372 | 90.95 | 263 | 91 | 328 | 91.36 | 221 | 90.57 | |||||||||
| Morning or afternoon snacks | |||||||||||||||||
| Always | 143 | 34.96 | 98 | 33.91 | 0.660 | 2 | 0.719 | 128 | 35.65 | 0.632 | 2 | 0.729 | 66 | 27.05 | 17.6 | 2 | <0.001 |
| Sometimes | 234 | 57.21 | 167 | 57.79 | 203 | 56.55 | 154 | 63.11 | |||||||||
| Never | 32 | 7.83 | 24 | 8.30 | 28 | 7.8 | 24 | 9.84 | |||||||||
| Skip any regular meals | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 243 | 59.41 | 172 | 59.52 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.948 | 215 | 59.89 | 0.275 | 1 | 0.600 | 161 | 65.98 | 10.82 | 1 | 0.001 |
| No | 166 | 40.59 | 117 | 40.48 | 144 | 40.11 | 83 | 34.02 | |||||||||
| Taking meals on time | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 188 | 45.97 | 123 | 42.56 | 4.599 | 1 | 0.032 | 160 | 44.57 | 2.309 | 1 | 0.129 | 100 | 40.98 | 6.04 | 1 | 0.014 |
| No | 221 | 54.03 | 166 | 57.44 | 199 | 55.43 | 144 | 59.02 | |||||||||
| Daily water consumption | |||||||||||||||||
| Less than 8 glasses | 154 | 37.65 | 113 | 39.10 | 5.460 | 2 | 0.065 | 135 | 37.61 | 1.062 | 2 | 0.588 | 96 | 39.34 | 9.69 | 2 | 0.008 |
| 8 glasses | 169 | 41.32 | 124 | 42.91 | 151 | 42.06 | 87 | 35.66 | |||||||||
| More than 8 glasses | 86 | 21.03 | 52 | 17.99 | 73 | 20.33 | 61 | 25 | |||||||||
| Following any birth control method | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 97 | 23.72 | 69 | 23.88 | 0.014 | 1 | 0.907 | 90 | 25.07 | 2.973 | 1 | 0.085 | 47 | 19.26 | 6.632 | 1 | 0.010 |
| No | 312 | 76.28 | 220 | 76.12 | 269 | 74.93 | 197 | 80.74 | |||||||||
| Taking oral contraceptive pills | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 53 | 12.96 | 43 | 14.88 | 3.221 | 1 | 0.073 | 52 | 14.48 | 6.065 | 1 | 0.014 | 30 | 12.3 | 0.236 | 1 | 0.627 |
| No | 356 | 87.04 | 246 | 85.12 | 307 | 85.52 | 214 | 87.7 | |||||||||
p-values are significant at 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Significant p-values are shown in bold. N, number.