Figure 4.

Biological and translational implications of the genes and pathways identified through CRISPR/Cas9 genetic screening for immune regulators in tumor cells.

For the antigen presentation and IFN-γ pathways, the environmental (specific effects on specific cell types) and cellular (heterogeneity in expression of key signaling proteins) contexts are important. For the autophagy and the TNF pathways, this is mostly the cellular context.

IFN- γ, interferon-γ; irAE, immune-related adverse events; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NK, natural killer cells; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.