Table 1.
Mean scores and standard deviations (SD) for each group and results of statistical analysis. Abbr.: Emo = Emotion (happy vs. angry), AA = Approach vs. Avoidance, MDD = Major depressive disorder, ACE = Adverse childhood experience, * - indicates statistical significance.
| MDD+/ACE+ (n = 27) | MDD+/ACE-(n = 26) | MDD-/ACE+ (n = 30) | MDD-/ACE-(n = 48) | F | df | p | etap2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction Time | Statistics |
Emo x AA* | 85.33 | 1,127 | <.001 | 0.400 | ||||||
| Emo x AA x MDD | 0.08 | 1,127 | .78 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x ACE | 0.14 | 1,127 | .71 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x MDD x ACE | 1.20 | 1,127 | .28 | 0.009 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug | 0.26 | 1,127 | .61 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x MDD | 0.85 | 1,127 | .36 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x ACE | <0.01 | 1.127 | ,97 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x MDD x ACE |
0.45 |
1.127 |
,50 |
0.004 |
||||||||
| Time in ms, Mean (SD) |
Placebo |
approach happy | 2970.42 (541.57) | 2840.07 (600.40) | 2769.89 (555.26) | 2702.79 (560.50) | ||||||
| avoid happy | 3246.78 (584.05) | 3099.48 (648.81) | 3109.12 (600.24) | 2940.57 (552.88) | ||||||||
| approach angry | 3111.57 (602.09) | 3014.73 (662.95) | 3015.09 (639.51) | 2836.39 (575.87) | ||||||||
| avoid angry |
3138.63 (484.19) |
2901.73 (549.43) |
2946.29 (530.81) |
2802.87 (497.16) |
||||||||
| Yohimbine |
approach happy | 2970.42 (541.57) | 2840.07 (600.40) | 2769.89 (555.26) | 2702.79 (560.50) | |||||||
| avoid happy | 3246.78 (584.05) | 3099.48 (648.81) | 3109.12 (600.24) | 2940.57 (552.88) | ||||||||
| approach angry | 3111.57 (602.09) | 3014.73 (662.95) | 3015.09 (639.51) | 2836.39 (575.87) | ||||||||
| avoid angry |
3138.63 (484.19) |
2901.73 (549.43) |
2946.29 (530.81) |
2802.87 (497.16) |
||||||||
| Response delay | Statistics |
Emo x AA* | 83.65 | 1,127 | <.001 | 0.397 | ||||||
| Emo x AA x MDD | 0.09 | 1,127 | .76 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x ACE | 0.25 | 1,127 | .62 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x MDD x ACE | 0.61 | 1,127 | .44 | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug | 0.20 | 1,127 | .66 | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x MDD | 0.30 | 1.127 | ,59 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x ACE | <0.01 | 1,127 | .97 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x MDD x ACE |
0.57 |
1.127 |
,45 |
0.004 |
||||||||
| Time in ms, Mean (SD) |
Placebo |
approach happy | 784.61 (161.53) | 748.15 (182.10) | 728.46 (168.45) | 709.85 (176.30) | ||||||
| avoid happy | 877.52 (180.04) | 831.50 (190.98) | 836.38 (184.82) | 786.21 (170.43) | ||||||||
| approach angry | 836.85 (191.96) | 806.48 (197.82) | 804.19 (201.60) | 752.65 (179.36) | ||||||||
| avoid angry |
840.08 (144.97) |
768.46 (156.32) |
783.76 (156.18) |
741.78 (151.49) |
||||||||
| Yohimbine |
approach happy | 762.78 (168.31) | 733.56 (153.78) | 736.75 (178.30) | 706.27 (173.13) | |||||||
| avoid happy | 863.47 (162.84) | 809.05 (172.44) | 818.97 (159.13) | 784.59 (171.52) | ||||||||
| approach angry | 829.06 (171.56) | 802.19 (193.12) | 792.61 (167.55) | 758.49 (176.51) | ||||||||
| avoid angry |
824.39 (145.05) |
769.09 (150.33) |
776.15 (162.08) |
754.26 (153.61) |
||||||||
| Percent correct respones | Statistics |
Emo x AA* | 24.93 | 1,127 | <.001 | 0.160 | ||||||
| Emo x AA x MDD | 3.35 | 1,127 | .07 | 0.026 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x ACE | 2.69 | 1,127 | .10 | 0.021 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x MDD x ACE | 1.16 | 1,127 | .28 | 0.009 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug | 0.88 | 1,127 | .35 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x MDD | 1.49 | 1.127 | ,22 | 0.012 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x ACE | 0.19 | 1,127 | .66 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Emo x AA x Drug x MDD x ACE |
3.12 |
1.127 |
,08 |
0.024 |
||||||||
| Percent, Mean (SD) | Placebo |
approach happy | 96.22 (5.51) | 96.55 (4.25) | 95.83 (6.66) | 96.96 (5.72) | ||||||
| avoid happy | 95.52 (4.72) | 92.07 (12.35) | 94.58 (8.76) | 96.74 (3.74) | ||||||||
| approach angry | 93.90 (7.84) | 90.38 (13.30) | 95.90 (6.46) | 96.27 (5.14) | ||||||||
| avoid angry |
95.29 (5.85) |
94.55 (6.15) |
96.11 (5.52) |
96.92 (4.05) |
||||||||
| Yohimbine | approach happy | 96.22 (4.44) | 96.39 (5.39) | 96.74 (5.09) | 97.22 (3.85) | |||||||
| avoid happy | 94.37 (7.46) | 94.31 (6.73) | 95.76 (5.06) | 95.66 (6.46) | ||||||||
| approach angry | 93.67 (11.75) | 92.63 (9.49) | 94.03 (8.36) | 94.44 (7.95) | ||||||||
| avoid angry | 95.60 (5.34) | 96.71 (3.92) | 95.42 (4.75) | 97.53 (3.43) | ||||||||