Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Variables | Neurotypicals |
ASD |
Statistics1 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Females | Males | p | Total | Females | Males | p | P | |
| Number of participants | n = 31 | n = 20 | n = 11 | n = 33 | n = 14 | n = 19 | .077 | ||
| Mean age (SD) in years | 31.0 (11.7) | 32.7 (13.7) | 28.1 (6.4) | .219 | 36.8 (10.7) | 39.9 (12.0) | 34.6 (9.3) | .164 | .043∗ |
| Mean BMI (SD) in kg/m2 | 23.1 (4.9) | 21.7 (4.7) | 25.6 (4.4) | .031∗ | 23.9 (4.1) | 23.1 (3.8) | 24.5 (4.3) | .330 | .492 |
| Mean urine osmolality (mosm/kg) | 767.3 (216.9) | 728.1 (243.0) | 845.9 (128.9) | .164 | 773.5 (179.4) | 708.1 (178.2) | 824.4 (167.7) | .068 | .903 |
| Mean AQ | 13.7 (5.3) | 13.7 (5.8) | 13.6 (4.4) | .993 | 35.4 (9.8) | 39.5 (7.2) | 32.3 (10.5) | .036∗ | .001∗∗ |
| Mean BDI-II | 4.5 (5.2) | 5.0 (5.8) | 3.6 (3.8) | .456 | 13.2 (11.6) | 20.6 (12.5) | 7.7 (7.3) | .006∗∗ | .001∗∗ |
| Mean EQ | 46.5 (11.3) | 47.4 (11.8) | 44.9 (10.7) | .546 | 19.1 (12.6) | 16.2 (5.8) | 21.3 (15.6) | .222 | .001∗∗ |
| Mean LSAS | 23.4 (15.4) | 22.9 (16.0) | 24.2 (15.1) | .821 | 73.1 (25.0) | 82.7 (23.4) | 66.0 (24.2) | .059 | .001∗∗ |
| Mean TAS-20 | 41.2 (9.3) | 40.7 (10.8) | 42.2 (6.0) | .617 | 58.8 (9.5) | 60.9 (9.2) | 57.2 (9.7) | .255 | .001∗∗ |
| Mean ADOS-2 | – | – | – | – | 7.4 (4.0)2 | 6.1 (3.9)3 | 8.4 (3.9)4 | .135 | – |
Note. Neurotypicals: n = 31; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): n = 33. SD: Standard Deviation. BMI: Body Mass Index. AQ: Autism-Spectrum Quotient; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory – II; EQ: Empathy Quotient; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; TAS-20: Toronto Alexithymia Scale with 20 Items. ADOS-2: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Second Edition.
Diagnostic group statistics. 2n = 29.3n = 12.4n = 17.
Questionnaire results are based on 1000 bootstrap samples.
∗ denotes significance with p < .05. ∗∗ denotes significance with p < .01.