Appendix 1—table 1. Model-free performance measures in simulated datasets that were generated using the group-level mean parameters from our placebo and drug groups.

	Placebo simulations	Drug simulations	Averagep value
Number of pain stimuli	54.9	55.1	0.63
Switching after pain	45.0%	44.1%	0.44
Switching after no pain	4.8%	3.7%	0.41

Notes: Performance measures are averaged across all synthetic participants from each of 50 simulated datasets (27 synthetic participants per dataset). We performed 50 t-tests—each comparing the scores from the synthetic participants from one placebo vs. one drug simulation—and report their average p values.