Table 2.
Life satisfaction, internalizing symptoms, and psychosomatic health: differences when measured before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (reference), compared to assessments throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
| Time of assessment | Crude β | (95% CI) | Adj β | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life satisfactiona | ||||
| T0: before COVID-19 pandemic | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| T1: first full lockdown | −0.47 | (−0.68 to −0.26) | −0.36 | (−0.58 to −0.13) |
| T2: first full lockdown eased | −0.33 | (−0.55 to −0.12) | −0.19 | (−0.42 to 0.05) |
| T3: partial lockdown | −0.56 | (−0.78 to −0.34) | −0.37 | (−0.63 to −0.12) |
| T4: second full lockdown | −1.02 | (−1.25 to −0.80) | −0.79 | (−1.07 to −0.52) |
| Internalizing symptomsb | ||||
| T0: before COVID-19 pandemic | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| T1: first full lockdown | 1.18 | (−0.15 to 2.50) | 0.96 | (−0.58 to 2.50) |
| T2: first full lockdown eased | 0.95 | (−0.37 to 2.27) | 0.66 | (−1.00 to 2.31) |
| T3: partial lockdown | 1.27 | (−0.05 to 2.58) | 0.90 | (−0.90 to 2.69) |
| T4: second full lockdown | 3.04 | (1.50–4.58) | 2.58 | (0.41–4.75) |
| Psychosomatic healthc | ||||
| T0: before COVID-19 pandemic | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| T1: first full lockdown | 0.25 | (0.17–0.32) | 0.29 | (0.20–0.38) |
| T2: first full lockdown eased | 0.30 | (0.22–0.39) | 0.36 | (0.26–0.46) |
| T3: partial lockdown | 0.26 | (0.17–0.35) | 0.33 | (0.22–0.45) |
| T4: second full lockdown | 0.12 | (0.01–0.22) | 0.20 | (0.07–0.34) |
The values are based on imputed data.
Adj = adjusted (adjusted for gender and age); CI = confidence interval; T0 = before the COVID-19 lockdown; T1 = first full lockdown (assessment April 18, 2020); T2 = first full lockdown eased (assessment July 18, 2020); T3 = partial lockdown (assessment October 18, 2020); T4 = second full lockdown (assessment February 2, 2021).
A higher score indicates a higher life satisfaction.
A higher score indicates more severe self-reported internalizing symptoms.
A higher score indicates experiencing psychosomatic complaints less frequently.