Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of PWE.
| Increase >50% seizure frequency during the first month after vaccination | No increase in seizure frequency during the first month after vaccination | p | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| univariate | multivariate | ||||
| N (%) | 26 (6.2%) | 392 (93.8%) | |||
| Sex | Man | 15 (57.7%) | 202 (51.5%) | 0.543 | |
| Woman | 11 (42.3%) | 190 (48.5%) | |||
| Age | Mean (SD) | 49.73 (12.3) | 48.12 (10.2) | 0.675 | |
| Epilepsy type | Generalized | 3 (11.5%) | 62 (15.8%) | 0.810 | |
| IGE with GTCS only | 1 (33.3%) | 10 (16.4%) | |||
| JME | 0 | 18 (29.5%) | |||
| Childhood absence | 1 (33.3%) | 9 (14.8%) | |||
| Juvenile absence | 0 | 4 (6.6%) | |||
| Epileptic encephalopathy | 1 (33.3%) | 11 (18.0%) | |||
| Other genetic generalized epilepsies# | 0 | 4 (6.6%) | |||
| Others | 0 | 5 (8.2%) | |||
| Focal | 20 (76.9%) | 299 (76.3%) | 0.773 | ||
| Frontal | 4 (20.0%) | 71 (23.7%) | |||
| Temporal | 9 (45.0%) | 100 (33.4%) | |||
| Posterior quadrant | 2 (10.0%) | 35 (11.7%) | |||
| Unknown | 5 (25.0%) | 93 (31.1%) | |||
| Unknown | 3 (11.5%) | 31 (7.9%) | 0.711 | ||
| Etiology | Unknown | 9 (34.6%) | 148 (37.8%) | 0.815 | |
| Genetic | 1 (3.8%) | 23 (5.9%) | |||
| MCD | 4 (15.4%) | 21 (5.4%) | |||
| Perinatal | 1 (3.8%) | 20 (5.1%) | |||
| Vascular | 4 (15.4%) | 49 (12.5%) | |||
| Infectious | 0 | 12 (3.1%) | |||
| TBI | 1 (3.8%) | 15 (3.8%) | |||
| Autoimmune | 0 | 5 (1.3%) | |||
| Tumoral | 2 (7.7%) | 34 (8.7%) | |||
| Others | 2 (7.7%) | 24 (6.1%) | |||
| IGE | 2 (7.7%) | 41 (10.5%) | |||
| Pre-vaccination seizure frequency | No seizure >1 year | 7 (26.9%) | 199 (50.8%) | 0.018 | 0.859 |
| Annual | 6 (23.1%) | 81 (20.7%) | 0.771 | ||
| Monthly | 13 (50.0%) | 66 (16.8%) | 0.001 | 0.007 | |
| Weekly | 0 | 28 (7.1%) | 0.158 | ||
| Daily | 0 | 18 (4.6%) | 0.262 | ||
| ASM | 0 | 1 (3.8%) | 19 (4.9%) | 0.093 | 0.185 |
| 1 | 10 (38.5%) | 180 (46.2%) | |||
| 2 | 11 (42.3%) | 104 (26.7%) | |||
| >2 | 4 (15.3%) | 87 (22.4%) | |||
| Intellectual disability | 2 (7.7%) | 77 (19.6%) | 0.194 | 0.179 | |
| Active epilepsy | 24 (92.3%) | 307 (78.3%) | 0.131 | 0.452 | |
| Drug-refractory epilepsy | 13 (50.0%) | 132 (33.7%) | 0.090 | 0.116 | |
| Epilepsy surgery | 1 (3.8%) | 24 (6.1%) | 0.999 | ||
ASM: anti-seizure medication; GTCS: generalized tonic-clonic seizure; IGE: idiopathic generalized epilepsy; JME: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; MCD: malformation of cortical development; TBI: traumatic brain injury.
#
Including generalized epilepsies with genetic confirmation different than IGE and epileptic encephalopathies.