Table 3.
18F-FDG PET/CT findings of pulmonary carcinoids.
| Clinical factors | Total | Typical carcinoid | Atypical carcinoid | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
| 60 | 100.0 | 39 | 100.0 | 21 | 100.0 | ||
| Maximum diameter (cm), mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 0.007 | |||
| Maximum diameter (cm), median (IQR) | 1.8(1.3–2.8) | 1.7 (1.1–2.3) | 2.7(1.6–3.5) | ||||
| <3.0 | 49 | 81.7 | 37 | 94.9 | 12 | 57.1 | <0.001 |
| ≥3.0 | 11 | 18.3 | 2 | 5.1 | 9 | 42.9 | |
| Mass attenuation on CT (HU) without contrast injection | 30.9 ± 17.6 | 31.5 ± 20.0 | 29.8 ± 12.6 | 0.722 | |||
| Location | 0.788 | ||||||
| Central | 29 | 48.3 | 18 | 46.2 | 11 | 52.4 | |
| Peripheral | 31 | 51.7 | 21 | 53.8 | 10 | 47.6 | |
| Calcification | 0.649 | ||||||
| No | 55 | 91.7 | 35 | 89.7 | 20 | 95.2 | |
| Yes | 5 | 8.3 | 4 | 10.3 | 1 | 4.8 | |
| Lobulated border | 0.337 | ||||||
| No | 35 | 58.3 | 21 | 53.8 | 14 | 66.7 | |
| Yes | 25 | 41.7 | 18 | 46.2 | 7 | 33.3 | |
| Pleural effusion | |||||||
| No | 55 | 91.7 | 36 | 92.3 | 19 | 90.5 | 1 |
| Yes | 5 | 8.3 | 3 | 7.7 | 2 | 9.5 | |
| Pleural indentation | 0.226 | ||||||
| No | 53 | 88.3 | 36 | 92.3 | 17 | 81.0 | |
| Yes | 7 | 11.7 | 3 | 7.7 | 4 | 19.0 | |
| Spiculated margin | |||||||
| No | 59 | 98.3 | 38 | 97.4 | 21 | 100.0 | 1 |
| Yes | 1 | 1.7 | 1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Airway involvement | |||||||
| No | 20 | 33.3 | 13 | 33.3 | 7 | 33.3 | 1 |
| Yes | 40 | 66.7 | 26 | 66.7 | 14 | 66.7 | |
| Bronchiectasis | |||||||
| No | 45 | 75.0 | 27 | 69.2 | 18 | 85.7 | 0.16 |
| Yes | 15 | 25.0 | 12 | 30.8 | 3 | 14.3 | |
| Atelectasis | |||||||
| No | 55 | 91.7 | 35 | 89.7 | 20 | 95.2 | 0.649 |
| Yes | 5 | 8.3 | 4 | 10.3 | 1 | 4.8 | |
| Opacity | |||||||
| No | 43 | 71.7 | 28 | 71.8 | 15 | 71.4 | 0.976 |
| Yes | 17 | 28.3 | 11 | 28.2 | 6 | 28.6 | |
| SUVmax (median (IQR)) | 4.11(2.34–5.87) | 3.50 (1.44–5.11) | 5.67(4.01–8.33) | 0.003 | |||
| <5.19 | 38 | 63.3 | 30 | 76.9 | 8 | 38.1 | |
| ≥5.19 | 22 | 36.7 | 9 | 23.1 | 13 | 61.9 | |
| SUVmean (median (IQR)) | 2.60 (1.44–3.59) | 1.98 (1.18–2.97) | 3.22 (2.35–4.82) | 0.006 | |||
| <3.18 | 42 | 70.0 | 32 | 82.1 | 10 | 47.6 | |
| ≥3.18 | 18 | 30.0 | 7 | 17.9 | 11 | 52.4 | |
| MTV (median (IQR)) | 4.16 (2.50–7.32) | 3.48(2.49–6.92) | 4.80 (2.49–10.62) | 0.033 | |||
| <4.36 | 34 | 56.7 | 26 | 66.7 | 8 | 38.1 | |
| ≥4.36 | 26 | 43.3 | 13 | 33.3 | 13 | 61.9 | |
| TLG (median (IQR)) | 11.10(4.05–21.03) | 7.83(3.75–17.01) | 18.69 (6.03–88.06) | 0.002 | |||
| <18.44 | 43 | 71.7 | 33 | 84.6 | 10 | 47.6 | |
| ≥18.44 | 17 | 28.3 | 6 | 15.4 | 11 | 52.4 | |
| SULmax (median (IQR)) | 3.81 (2.12–5.53) | 2.58 (1.49–4.80) | 4.85 (3.30–7.28) | 0.005 | |||
| <2.65 | 23 | 38.3 | 20 | 51.3 | 3 | 14.3 | |
| ≥2.65 | 37 | 61.7 | 19 | 48.7 | 18 | 85.7 | |
| SUVbsa (median (IQR)) | 1.26 (0.66–1.70) | 0.81 0.509–1.46) | 1.54 (1.03–2.34) | 0.001 | |||
| <1.47 | 37 | 61.7 | 30 | 76.9 | 7 | 33.3 | |
| ≥1.47 | 23 | 38.3 | 9 | 23.1 | 14 | 66.7 | |
| MMVR | 3.81 (2.12–5.53) | 2.58 (1.49–4.80) | 4.85 (3.30–7.28) | <0.001 | |||
| <0.92 | 17 | 28.3 | 4 | 10.3 | 13 | 61.9 | |
| ≥0.92 | 43 | 71.7 | 35 | 89.7 | 8 | 38.1 | |
HU, Hounsfield unit; IQR, interquartile range; MTV, metabolic tumour volume; SULmax, maximum standardised uptake lean body mass; SUVbsa, maximum standardised uptake body surface area; SUVmax, maximum standardised uptake value; SUVmean, mean standard uptake value; TLG, total lesion glycolysis; MMVR, the ratio of metabolic to morphological lesion volumes.