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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 22.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2021 Apr 12;121(8):4309–4372. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01088

Figure 14. Implementation of the design principle for strong hydrogels – synchronize stiffening and fracture of multiple polymer chains.

Figure 14.

Schematics on the implementation with a. polymer networks with high-functionality crosslinks, b. nano-/micro-fibrous polymer networks. c. confocal (left) and SEM (right) images of a fibrous PVA hydrogel with aligned fibers69. d. nominal stress-stretch curves of the fibrous PVA hydrogels with aligned and randomly-oriented fibers69. c and d are adopted from Ref69.