. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 22.

Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2021 Apr 12;121(8):4309–4372. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01088

Table 1.

Examples of unconventional polymer network architectures.

UPN architectures	Examples	References
Ideal polymer networks	Covalently-crosslinked 4-arm end-functionalized PEG; Reversibly-crosslinked 4-arm end-functionalized PEG	^{67,317,356,435–450}.
Polymer networks with slidable crosslinks	PEG with polyrotaxanes as slidable crosslinks; PCL with polyrotaxanes as slidable crosslinks; PPO with polyrotaxanes as slidable crosslinks	^{60,356,451,454–458,460–465}
Interpenetrating polymer networks	Covalently-crosslinked PAMPS interpenetrated with covalently-crosslinked PAAm; Covalently-crosslinked polysaccharide interpenetrated with covalently-crosslinked PHEMA, PEG, PAAm, PNIPAm, and PDMA	^{60,63,356,383,467–470,476}
Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks	Covalently-crosslinked PAAm interpenetrated with reversibly-crosslinked or uncrosslinked PVA, alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronan; Covalently-crosslinked gelatin interpenetrated with reversibly-crosslinked or uncrosslinked alginate; Covalently-crosslinked PEG-DA gelatin interpenetrated with reversibly-crosslinked or uncrosslinked alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronan; Covalently-crosslinked PAAm interpenetrated with reversibly-crosslinked or uncrosslinked PVA	^{60,63,356,383,466,468,469,475,477}
Polymer networks with high-functionality crosslinks	PVA with crystalline domains as high-functionality crosslinks; Poly(methyl methacrylate) with glassy spheres as high-functionality crosslinks; Polyacrylamide with exfoliated particles as high-functionality crosslinks; Mixtures of polystyrene, poly(butyl acrylate), and poly(acrylic acid) with microsphere composites as high-functionality crosslinks	^{60,215,300,302,356,383,436,477,478,482,485,488–496}
Nano-/microfibrous polymer networks	Cellulose, cellulose-derivative, collagen, gelatin, fibrin and elastin nano-/micro-fibrous networks	^{6,103,382,507–521}
Other UPN architectures	Poly(dimethylsiloxane) bottlebrush; Poly(n-butyl acrylate) bottlebrush; Poly polylactic acid-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) triblock bottlebrush	^522–524