FIGURE 5:

The typical disease course in HFRS can be divided into five distinct phases: fever, hypotension, oliguria, polyuria and convalescence. After human infection, viral load peaks after 5–10 days and prodromal symptoms such as flu-like symptoms, myalgia, backache, abdominal pain and blurred vision occur. In parallel, platelets as well as urine output and kidney function decrease, leading to the hallmark triad of AKI, hypotension and hemorrhages in HFRS. With the onset of clinical symptoms, antibodies increase, leading to viral clearance and convalescence. Source: Figure created with Biorender.com and figure concept adapted from Avsic-Zupanc et al. [3].