Table 8.

Comparison of MRI biomarkers between study values and literature values

Study reference		Current study			Buchanan et al. [19]		de Boer et al. [34]
Study subject summary		20 HVs, median age 67.0 years (IQR 52.0–78.0)	36 DKD, stages G3‒G5	20 HVs + 36 DKD	22 CKD subjects, stages G3 and G4		19 HVs, median age 49.0 years (IQR 45.0–57.0)
Variable	Unit	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	CV (%)	Mean ± SD or median (IQR)	CV (%)	Mean ± SD	CV (%)
Kidney haemodynamics
MAF	mL/min/1.73 m2	993 ± 126a	538 ± 161a	7	490 (170)b	18	388 ± 147c	13
ASL perfusion cortex	mL/min/100 g	164 ± 36.8	81.1 ± 40.8	33	71 (50)	23	340 ± 51	10
Global perfusion	mL/min/100 g	458 ± 53.8	311 ± 82.9	9	130 (110)	18	Not measured	Not measured
Kidney macrostructure
Kidney volume	mL/1.73 m2	218 ± 25.7	176 ± 37.7	7	170 (39)b	3.8	Not measured	Not measured
Kidney oxygenation
BOLD R2* cortex	per s	17.3 ± 1.35	17.1 ± 1.41	4	20.0 ± 3.2	4.6	19.3 ± 2.1	6.1
BOLD R2* medulla	per s	26.0 ± 2.31	23.5 ± 3.70	5	33.0 ± 8.0	6.8	26.2 ± 2.7	5.8
Kidney microstructure
ADC cortex	10−3 mm2/s	2.52 ± 0.19	2.31 ± 0.21	6	2.0 (0.2)	5.3	Not measured	Not measured
ADC medulla	10−3 mm2/s	2.33 ± 0.18	2.19 ± 0.24	5	2.0 ± 0.2	14	Not measured	Not measured
R1 cortex	per s	0.72 ± 0.03	0.63 ± 0.04	2	0.64 ± 0.06	2.9	0.66 ± 0.05	5.1
R1 medulla	per s	0.55 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.02	2	0.57 ± 0.03	3.9	0.53 ± 0.03	2.8
IVIM D cortex	10−3 mm2/s	2.14 ± 0.24	1.91 ± 0.26	11	1.7 ± 0.2	7.7	2.1 ± 0.1	6.7
IVIM D medulla	10−3 mm2/s	2.04 ± 0.27	1.85 ± 0.20	9	1.8 ± 0.2	22	1.9 ± 0.1	7.2
IVIM f cortex	%	13.5 ± 5.71	15.2 ± 5.70	30	Not measured	Not measured	10 ± 3	24
IVIM f medulla	%	12.3 ± 5.11	14.5 ± 5.66	25	Not measured	Not measured	13 ± 3	18

^aTotal for both kidneys.

^bNot corrected for body surface area.

^cPer kidney.