Table 1.
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of HD patients by sex
| Characteristics | All (N = 313) | Male (n = 206) | Female (n = 107) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.00 (56.00–75.00) | 66.00 (56.00–74.00) | 67.00 (57.00–76.00) | 0.617 |
| Primary kidney diseases, n (%) | 0.722 | |||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 107 (34.2) | 76 (36.9) | 31 (29.0) | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 97 (31.0) | 57 (27.7) | 40 (37.4) | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 25 (8.0) | 13 (6.3) | 12 (11.2) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 9 (2.9) | 7 (3.4) | 2 (1.9) | |
| Other or unknown cause | 75 (24.0) | 53 (25.7) | 22 (20.6) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 117 (37.4) | 66 (32.0) | 51 (47.7) | 0.007 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 246 (78.6) | 160 (77.7) | 86 (80.4) | 0.580 |
| CHD, n (%) | 148 (47.3) | 99 (48.1) | 49 (45.8) | 0.704 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 97 (31.0) | 75 (36.4) | 22 (20.6) | 0.004 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.53 (22.01–27.55) | 24.91 (22.25–27.35) | 24.12 (21.60–28.51) | 0.306 |
| Dialysis vintage (days) | 243 (31–1172) | 271 (31–1347) | 227 (31–919) | 0.180 |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| RAAS inhibitors | 82 (26.2) | 54 (26.2) | 28 (26.2) | 0.993 |
| Beta-blockers | 186 (59.4) | 116 (56.3) | 70 (65.4) | 0.120 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 98 (31.3) | 65 (31.6) | 33 (30.8) | 0.897 |
| Erythropoietin | 158 (50.5) | 104 (50.5) | 54 (50.5) | 0.998 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 10.20 (9.05–11.45) | 10.10 (9.00–11.20) | 10.20 (9.15–11.60) | 0.593 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 516.50 (243.50–1074.00) | 513.00 (239.00–1150.50) | 520.00 (243.00–914.00) | 0.762 |
| Transferrin (μg/ml) | 138.00 (107.00–173.00) | 138.00 (104.00–172.00) | 142.00 (116.25–177.00) | 0.286 |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 3.30 (2.90–3.70) | 3.30 (2.90–3.70) | 3.20 (2.80–3.60) | 0.565 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 92.70 (72.35–120.08) | 92.70 (70.40–114.23) | 103.00 (75.78–128.60) | 0.101 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 39.80 (32.00–50.20) | 36.45 (30.90–46.32) | 43.80 (36.43–56.68) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 150.60 (127.40–187.00) | 146.70 (119.70–182.25) | 166.00 (134.15–204.00) | 0.020 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 159.30 (109.50–247.80) | 159.30 (106.20–247.80) | 162.80 (112.40–247.80) | 0.708 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 2.60 (1.00–5.00) | 3.10 (1.15–5.95) | 1.40 (0.67–3.33) | <0.001 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 195.52 (147.31–268.57) | 205.09 (145.94–279.53) | 183.18 (150.67–242.39) | 0.110 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 6.66 (4.25–8.39) | 6.90 (4.56–8.71) | 5.74 (3.76–7.46) | 0.004 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.70 (4.10–5.26) | 4.80 (4.10–5.30) | 4.60 (4.00–5.20) | 0.186 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.22 (2.09–2.40) | 2.25 (2.08–2.40) | 2.20 (2.10–2.44) | 0.774 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 1.61 (1.20–2.10) | 1.63 (1.21–2.10) | 1.59 (1.17–2.01) | 0.485 |
| iPTH (ng/L) | 50.18 (18.96–129.60) | 47.71 (18.96–131.88) | 52.79 (18.85–127.40) | 0.769 |
| Dialysis dose (Kt/V) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 1.16 (1.06–1.31) | 1.24 (1.11–1.44) | 0.017 |
| Ang-2 (pmol/L) | 91.20 (63.35–140.65) | 94.30 (64.48–143.78) | 86.30 (59.30–127.70) | 0.352 |
Values are presented as median (IQR) unless stated otherwise. Between groups (male versus female), comparisons were made using a nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. CHD, coronary heart disease; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.