Table 6.6.

Selected supporting agents which are in use for treating SARS-CoV infection.

Name of the supporting agent	IUPAC nomenclature	Mode of action	References
Compounds
Azithromycin	(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one	Interferes bacterial translation process by attaching to 50S subunit of ribosome, thereby inhibiting translation of mRNA	[109]
Ascorbic acid	(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one	Enhances development and proliferation of T lymphocytes and NK (natural killer) cells Involved in the immune response to viral agents	[110]
Corticosteroids (methylprednisolone)	(6S,8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6,10,13-trimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	Attenuation of cytokine response. Accelerate resolution of pulmonary and systemic inflammation	[111,112]
Nitric oxide	Nitric oxide	Vasodilator	[113]
Sirolimus	(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone	Immunosuppressant Inhibition of mTOR	[114,115]
Antibodies
Tocilizumab	Monoclonal antibody developed by Roche and Chugai Pharmaceutical	IL-6 receptor antagonist	[116]
Sarilumab	Full human anti–IL-6R monoclonal IgG1 antibody	Binds to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6Rα, thus blocking the cis- and trans-inflammatory signaling cascades of IL-6	[117,118]