Table 1.
Clinical and study characteristics
| Article | Country | Number of patients | Patients condition | Study design | Cell type | Administration | Control group treatment | Number of transplanted cells | Frequency of cell treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lanzoni et al. [15] | America | 24 | mild-to-moderate or moderate-to-severe | Double-blind, phase 1/2a, RCT | UC-MSCs | IV | placebo | 100 ± 20 × 10^6 (a) | 2 doses |
| Ventura-Carmenate et al. [16] | United Arab Emirates | 139 | moderate, severe or critically severe | Openlabel, phase 1/2, RCT | PBNHESCC | Nebulization | standard care | 2 × 10^6 (c) | 2 doses |
| Torres Zambrano et al. [17] | United Arab Emirates | 139 | moderate, severe or critically severe | openlabel, phase 1/2, RCT | PBNHESCC | Nebulization | standard care | 2 × 10^6 (c) | 2 doses |
| Shi et al. [18] | China | 100 | severe | Double-blind, phase 2, RCT | UC-MSCs | IV | placebo | 4.0 × 10^7 (a) | 3 doses |
| Shi et al. [19] | China | 100 | severe | double-blind, phase 2, RCT | UC-MSCs | IV | placebo | 4.0 × 10^7 (a) | 3 doses |
| Zhu et al. [20] | China | 58 | severe | single-blind, phase 2, RCT | UC-MSCs | IV | placebo | 1 × 10^6 (b) | 1 dose |
| Adas et al. [21] | Turkey | 30 | severe | prospective, 3-parallel armed, RCT | UC-MSCs | IV | conventional treatment | 3 × 10^6 (b) | 3 doses |
| Dilogo et al. [22] | Indonesia | 40 | critically severe | double-blind, multicentered, RCT | UC-MSCs | IV | standard care | 1×10^6 (b) | 1 dose |
| Torres Zambrano et al. [23] | United Arab Emirates | 44 | critically severe | openlabel, phase 1/2, RCT | PBNHESCC | Nebulization | standard care | 2 × 10^6 (c) | 2 doses |
| Torres Zambrano et al. [24] | United Arab Emirates | 139 | moderate, severe or critically severe | openlabel, phase 1/2, RCT | PBNHESCC | Nebulization | standard care | 2 × 10^6 (c) | 2 doses |
| Wei et al. [25] | China | 25 | moderate, severe or critically severe | pilot trial, NRCT | hUC-MSCs | IV | standard care | 1 ×10^6 (b) | NR |
| Xu et al. [26] | China | 44 | severe or critically severe | multicenter, open-label, phase 1, NRCT | MenSCs | IV | standard care | 3 ×10^7 (a) | 3 doses |
| Meng et al. [27] | China | 18 | moderate or severe | phase 1, NRCT | UC-MSCs | IV | standard care | 3 × 10^7 (a) | 3 doses |
| Häberle et al. [28] | Germany | 23 | severe | single center, open-label, NRCT | hBM-MSCs | IV | standard care | 1×10^6 (b) | 2 or 3 doses |
| O.Ercelen et al. [29] | Turkey | 11 | severe or critically severe | open-label, phase I, NRCT | MSCs | IV | placebo | 1×10^6 (b) | 1 dose |
| Leng et al. [30] | China | 10 | moderate, severe or critically severe | pilot trial, NRCT | MSCs | IV | placebo | 1 × 10^6 (b) | 1 dose |
| Shu et al. [31] | China | 41 | severe | open-label, pilot study, IRGT | hUC-MSCs | IV | standard care | 2 × 10^6 (b) | NR |
RCT randomized control trials, IRGT individually randomized group treatment, NR no report; a, cells per infusion, b per kg, c total dose, IV intravenous, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, UC-MSCs umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, hUC-MSCs human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, PB‑NHESC‑C peripheral blood non‑hematopoietic enriched stem cell cocktail, hBM-MSC human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, MenSCs menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells