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. 2022 Jun 22;12:10542. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14684-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spatial distribution of speleothem δ¹⁸O records used in this study. Purple dots show sites that were only used to detect globally significant abrupt events through the Holocene, and green triangles show those used both in the Holocene analysis and to examine the 8.2 ka event. Carbonate bedrock distribution is from the WOrld Karst Aquifer Mapping (WOKAM) project⁶⁷.