Table 1.
Clinical and demographical features of FMD patients without and with triggers
| Variable | Total (n = 100) | NoT-FMD (n = 12) | T-FMD (n = 88) |
Group comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female, no. (%) | 82 (82) | 11 (91.6) | 71 (80.7) | 1.000F |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 41.4 (16) | 50 (14.4) | 39.7 (15.2) | 0.016 M |
|
Time since onset of symptoms to FMD diagnosis, years, mean (SD) |
4.2 (4.7) | 5.3 (6) | 4.1 (4.5) | 0.673 M |
| FMD phenotype, no. (%) | ||||
| Weakness | 89 (89) | 11 (91.7) | 78 (88.6) | 1.000F |
| Gait disorders | 76 (76) | 6 (50) | 70 (79.5) | 0.035F |
| Tremor | 69 (69) | 7 (58.3) | 62 (70.5) | 0.507F |
| Dystonia | 34 (34) | 2 (16.7) | 32 (36.4) | 0.213F |
| Jerks | 21 (21) | 2 (16.7) | 19 (21.6) | 1.000F |
| Facial movement disorders | 19 (19) | 1 (8.3) | 18 (20.5) | 0.454F |
| Parkinsonism | 4 (4) | 0 | 4 (4.5) | 1.000F |
| Self-reported non-motor symptoms, no. (%) | ||||
| Fatigue | 78 (78) | 9 (75) | 69 (78.4) | 0.723F |
| Pain | 72 (72) | 10 (83.3) | 62 (70.5) | 0.501F |
| Headache | 56 (56) | 5 (41.7) | 51 (58) | 0.286C |
| Anxiety | 51 (51) | 4 (33.3) | 47 (53.4) | 0.192C |
| Insomnia | 41 (41) | 5 (41.7) | 36 (40.9) | 1.000F |
| Depersonalization/derealization | 33 (33) | 2 (16.7) | 31 (35.2) | 0.327F |
| Panic attacks | 24 (24) | 2 (16.7) | 22 (25) | 0.725F |
| Neurological comorbidities, no. (%) | 20 (20) | 2 (16.7) | 18 (20.5) | 1.000F |
| Non-neurological comorbidities, no. (%) | 45 (45) | 4 (33.3) | 41 (46.6) | 0.387C |
| Psychiatric comorbidities, no. (%) | 21 (21) | 4 (33.3) | 17 (19.3) | 0.271F |
| Associated FND, no. (%) | ||||
| Sensory functional symptoms | 59 (59) | 9 (75) | 50 (56.8) | 0.350F |
| Functional seizures | 24 (24) | 2 (16.7) | 22 (25) | 0.725F |
| Visual functional symptoms | 26 (26) | 3 (25) | 23 (26.1) | 1.000F |
| Cognitive functional symptoms | 60 (60) | 7 (58.3) | 53 (60.2) | 1.000F |
| Fibromyalgia | 15 (15) | 1 (8.3) | 14 (15.9) | 0.687F |
| Functional bowel syndrome | 12 (12) | 1 (8.3) | 11 (12.5) | 1.000F |
| Precipitating factors, no. (%) | ||||
| Surgery | 27 (27) | 1 (8.3) | 26 (29.5) | 0.172F |
| Physical trauma | 27 (27) | 3 (25) | 24 (27.3) | 1.000F |
| Psychological trauma | 28 (28) | 3 (25) | 25 (28.4) | 1.000F |
| General anesthesia | 20 (20) | 1 (8.3) | 19 (21.6) | 0.451F |
| Infections | 6 (6) | 1 (8.3) | 5 (5.7) | 0.545F |