Table 1.

Overview of study characteristics of the four included trials

Study ID	Country	Type of comparison	Study setting	Total number of participants randomised	Number of centres	Primary outcome
[15]	USA	2 mg IV lorazepam versus 5 mg IV diazepam versus IV placebo	Paramedics	205	10a	Termination of status epilepticus by arrival at the emergency department
[21]	France	2.5 g IV levetiracetam plus IV 1 mg clonazepam versus 1 mg IV clonazepam plus IV placebo	Paramedics	203	39b	Cessation of convulsions within 15 min of study drug administration
[23]	USA	100 mg/min IV phenobarbital plus 40 mg/min IV phenytoin versus 2 mg/min IV diazepam plus 40 mg/min IV phenytoin	Emergency department	44	1	Cumulative convulsion time
[22]	USA	10 mg IM midazolam versus 4 mg IV lorazepam	Paramedics	782	79c	Seizures terminated without need for rescue therapy before arrival at the emergency department

IV intravenous; IM intramuscular

^a1 physician-staffed base hospital and 9 destination hospitals

^b13 emergency medical service centres and 26 hospital departments

^c4314 paramedics, 33 emergency medical centres and 79 receiving hospitals