Table 3.
Utilization rate and median dosage of the most frequently (i.e., > 2.5% of patients) used antidepressant (ADD), antipsychotic (APD), hypnotic (HYPD), tranquilizing (TRD), and antiepileptic drugs (AED) according to severity of major depressive disorder (MDD)
| Substance | Moderate MDD | Severe MDD | Psychotic MDD | Overall: | Moderate vs. severe: | Moderate vs. psychotic: | Severe vs. psychotic: | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utilization rate | Median [mg] |
Utilization rate | Median [mg] |
Utilization rate | Median [mg] |
X2(2,43,868) | X2(1,38,278) | X2(1,17,906) | X2(1,31,552) | |
| ADD | ||||||||||
| Mirtazapine | 23.4% | 30 | 28.0% | 30 | 27.5% | 30 | 92.8, p <0.001, V = 0.03 | 90.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.05 | 34.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 0.6, p <0.001, ϕ < 0.01 |
| Venlafaxine | 17.6% | 150 | 21.6% | 150 | 22.3% | 225 | 93.6, p <0.001, V = 0.03 | 82.6, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.05 | 55.0, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.06 | 1.3, p =0.25, ϕ = 0.01 |
| Escitalopram | 11.4% | 10 | 9.9% | 15 | 9.1% | 15 | 29.2, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 20.2, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 | 21.3, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 | 3.3, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.01 |
| Citalopram | 9.8% | 20 | 9.6% | 20 | 7.3% | 30 | 32.5, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 0.4, p <0.001, ϕ < 0.01 | 29.3, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 29.1, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 |
| Sertraline | 8.8% | 100 | 8.6% | 100 | 8.4% | 100 | 0.9, p =0.65, V < 0.01 | 0.4, p =0.52, ϕ < 0.01 | 0.8, p =0.38, ϕ = 0.01 | 0.2, p =0.63, ϕ < 0.01 |
| Duloxetine | 7.9% | 60 | 8.7% | 60 | 7.3% | 90 | 15.4, p <0.001, V = 0.01 | 6.9, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 | 1.9, p =0.16, ϕ = 0.01 | 11.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 |
| Trazodone | 8.3% | 150 | 4.8% | 150 | 5.5% | 150 | 186.7, p <0.001, V = 0.05 | 183.6, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.07 | 43.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.05 | 4.8, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 |
| Trimipramine | 4.9% | 75 | 4.3% | 75 | 3.0% | 100 | 33.7, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 7.0, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 | 33.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 19.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 |
| Amitriptyline | 2.7% | 75 | 4.4% | 100 | 4.5% | 100 | 69.3, p <0.001, V = 0.03 | 65.2, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 39.5, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.05 | 0.1, p =0.74, ϕ < 0.01 |
| Agomelatine | 2.5% | 25 | 3.1% | 50 | 1.4% | 25 | 53.3, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 10.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 | 22.0, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 48.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 |
| Bupropion | 2.6% | 300 | 3.0% | 300 | 1.8% | 150 | 26.1, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 4.8, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 | 10.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 | 24.4, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 |
| Doxepin | 2.4% | 75 | 2.9% | 100 | 2.1% | 100 | 15.8, p <0.001, V = 0.01 | 7.8, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 | 1.5, p =0.22, ϕ = 0.01 | 11.0, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 |
| APD | ||||||||||
| Quetiapine | 14.3% | 100 | 17.6% | 150 | 24.7% | 200 | 287.1, p <0.001, V = 0.06 | 65.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 287.4, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.13 | 151.5, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.07 |
| Olanzapine | 4.7% | 7.5 | 7.3% | 7.5 | 22.9% | 10 | 1756.1, p <0.001, V = 0.14 | 93.4, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.05 | 1368.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.28 | 1236.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.20 |
| Risperidone | 3.1% | 2 | 4.9% | 2 | 20.7% | 2 | 2227.0, p <0.001, V = 0.16 | 65.5, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 1516.1, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.29 | 1615.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.23 |
| Pipamperone | 3.7% | 40 | 5.9% | 40 | 4.7% | 40 | 85.5, p <0.001, V = 0.03 | 82.1, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.05 | 10.0, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 | 12.3, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 |
| Prothipendyl | 3.0% | 80 | 4.2% | 80 | 4.0% | 80 | 33.1, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 32.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 | 12.0, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 | 0.5, p =0.50, ϕ < 0.01 |
| Melperone | 1.9% | 50 | 3.0% | 50 | 3.1% | 50 | 42.2, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 39.2, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 | 24.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 0.2, p =0.69, ϕ < 0.10 |
| Aripiprazole | 1.4% | 10 | 2.5% | 10 | 5.5% | 10 | 259.2, p <0.001, V = 0.05 | 48.1, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 247.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.12 | 140.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.07 |
| HYPD | ||||||||||
| Zopiclone | 4.9% | 7.5 | 8.3% | 7.5 | 5.8% | 7.5 | 162.6, p <0.001, V = 0.04 | 144.4, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.06 | 6.3, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.02 | 39.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 |
| Zolpidem | 5.1% | 10 | 4.5% | 10 | 5.1% | 10 | 8.4, p <0.05, V = 0.01 | 6.7, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 | 0.0, p =0.99., ϕ = 0.00 | 3.8, p = 0.05, ϕ = 0.01 |
| TRD | ||||||||||
| Lorazepam | 12.8% | 1.75 | 19.8% | 1.5 | 32.7% | 1.5 | 975.0, p <0.001, V = 0.11 | 282.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.09 | 988.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.23 | 444.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.12 |
| Diazepam | 2.1% | 9.5 | 3.6% | 7.0 | 4.7% | 10 | 96.6, p <0.001, V = 0.03 | 62.2, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 91.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.07 | 15.2, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 |
| Promethazine | 3.1% | 50 | 4.4% | 50 | 3.1% | 50 | 48.1, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 36.9, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 | 0.0, p =0.99, ϕ = 0.00 | 19.5, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 |
| Oxazepam | 2.4% | 30 | 2.9% | 22.5 | 3.7% | 25 | 23.7, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 7.8, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.01 | 23.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 10.0, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.02 |
| AED | ||||||||||
| Pregabalin | 4.0% | 150 | 5.8% | 175 | 4.0% | 150 | 71.4, p <0.001, V = 0.03 | 54.7, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.04 | 0.0, p =0.99, ϕ = 0.00 | 28.8, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.03 |
| Lamotrigine | 2.4% | 100 | 3.3% | 100 | 3.2% | 125 | 23.6, p <0.001, V = 0.02 | 23.2, p <0.001, ϕ = 0.02 | 9.5, p <0.05, ϕ = 0.02 | 0.1, p =0.70, ϕ < 0.01 |
| Valproat | 2.6% | 1000 | 2.7% | 1000 | 3.0% | 1000 | 2.4, p =0.31, V = 0.01 | 0.3, p =0.57, ϕ < 0.01 | 2.3, p =0.13, ϕ = 0.01 | 1.5, p =0.21, ϕ = 0.01 |