Table 3.
Interactions of macronutrients intakes and ApoB EcoRI genotype on lipid profiles.
| Carbohydrate | Protein | Total fat | Cholesterol | SFA | MUFA | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 54% | ≥ 54% | < 14% | ≥ 14% | < 35% | ≥ 35 | < 196 | ≥ 196 | < 9% | ≥ 9% | < 12% | ≥ 12% | |
| β (95%CI) P interaction | β (95%CI) P interaction | β (95%CI) P interaction | β (95%CI) P interaction | β (95%CI) P interaction | β (95%CI) P interaction | |||||||
| LDL (mg/dl) | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 107.78 ± 2.17 | 108.90 ± 2.32 | 109.41 ± 2.24 | 107.19 ± 2.24 | 109.07 ± 2.27 | 107.58 ± 2.21 | 106.02 ± 2.26 | 110.50 ± 2.22 | 110.60 ± 2.32 | 106.29 ± 2.17 | 109.19 ± 2.20 | 107.34 ± 2.28 |
| GA,AA (143) | 108.88 ± 3.98 | 107.18 ± 4.42 | 106 ± 4.07 | 110.67 ± 4.38 | 108.65 ± 4.32 | 107.65 ± 4.06 | 108.37 ± 3.83 | 107.81 ± 4.60 | 110.36 ± 4.56 | 106.50 ± 3.88 | 110.19 ± 4.20 | 106.08 ± 4.17 |
| Model 1 | − 2.82 (− 16.06, 10.41)0.67 | 6.89 (− 8.44, 4) 0.30 | 0.49 (− 12.7, 13.68) 0.94 | − 5.03 (− 18.31, 8.24) 0.45 | 0.45 (− 12.83, 13.75) 0.94 | − 2.26 (− 15.43, 10.90) 0.73 | ||||||
| Model 2 | − 2.7 (− 15.91, 10.51) 0.68 | 6.5(− 6.68, 19.68) 0.33 | 0.49 (− 12.64, 13.62) 0.94 | − 5.20 (− 18.42, 8.01) 0.44 | − 0.10 (− 13.32, 13.12) 0.98 | − 2.57 (− 15.68, 10.52) 0.70 | ||||||
| Model 3 | − 2.84 (− 16.05, 10.36) 0.67 | 6.93 (− 6.27, 20.14) 0.30 | 0.41 (− 12.72, 13.55) 0.95 | − 4.51 (− 17.76, 8.74) 0.50 | − 0.94 (− 14.16, 12.27) 0.88 | − 2.69 (− 15.8, 10.41) 0.68 | ||||||
| HDL (mg/dl) | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 53.40 ± 0.77 | 52.34 ± 0.82 | 53.20 ± 0.79 | 52.61 ± 0.79 | 51.73 ± 0.80 | 54.01 ± 0.78 | 52.46 ± 0.80 | 53.32 ± 0.79 | 53.26 ± 0.82 | 52.58 ± 0.77 | 52.10 ± 0.78 | 53.77 ± 0.81 |
| GA,AA (143) | 55.67 ± 1.41 | 54.98 ± 1.57 | 55.79 ± 1.42 | 54.84 ± 1.56 | 54.61 ± 1.53 | 56.02 ± 1.44 | 56.50 ± 1.36 | 54.22 ± 1.64 | 54.33 ± 1.62 | 56.10 ± 1.38 | 54.63 ± 1.49 | 56.08 ± 1.48 |
| Model 1 | 0.37 (− 4.33, 5.07) 0.87 | − 0.35 (− 5.05, 4.34) 0.88 | − 0.85 (− 5.53, 3.82) 0.71 | − 3.14 (− 7.89, 1.59) 0.19 | 2.45 (− 2.27, 7.18) 0.31 | − 0.22 (− 4.90, 4.45) 0.92 | ||||||
| Model 2 | − 0.52 (− 5.11, 4.07) 0.82 | 0.23 (− 4.37, 4.84) 0.92 | − 0.47 (− 5.05, 4.11) 0.84 | − 3.25 (− 7.87,1.37) 0.16 | 2.73 (− 1.88, 7.34) 0.24 | − 0.19 (− 4.75, 4.37) 0.93 | ||||||
| Model 3 | − 0.67 (− 5.26, 3.91) 0.77 | 0.53 (− 4.06,5.12) 0.82 | − 0.34 (− 4.91, 4.22) 0.88 | − 2.85 (− 7.46, 1.75) 0.22 | 2.71 (− 1.90, 7.32) 0.25 | − 0.15 (− 4.71, 4.40) 0.94 | ||||||
| LDL/HDL | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 2.70 ± 0.60 | 2.12 ± 0.64 | 2.79 ± 0.62 | 2.08 ± 0.62 | 2.15 ± 0.63 | 2.70 ± 0.61 | 2.77 ± 0.63 | 2.11 ± 0.62 | 2.11 ± 0.64 | 2.72 ± 0.60 | 2.14 ± 0.61 | 2.75 ± 0.64 |
| GA,AA (143) | 2.05 ± 1.11 | 4.88 ± 1.23 | 2 ± 1.12 | 4.89 ± 1.22 | 2.01 ± 1.13 | 4.80 ± 1.20 | 2.04 ± 1.28 | 4.17 ± 1.07 | 1.99 ± 1.08 | 5.15 ± 1.27 | 4.64 ± 1.17 | 2 ± 1.16 |
| Model 1 | 3.41 (− 0.28, 7.11) 0.07 | 0.07 (0.003, 0.13) 0.04 | 3.33 (− 0.35, 7.02) 0.07 | − 1.47 (− 5.19, 2.25) 0.40 | 3.77 (0.05, 7.49) 0.04 | − 3.25 (− 6.93, 0.43) 0.08 | ||||||
| Model 2 | 3.59 (− 0.1, 7.3) 0.05 | 3.43 (− 0.26, 7.13) 0.06 | 3.42 (− 0.26, 7.1,) 0.06 | − 1.36 (− 5.08, 2.35) 0.47 | 3.88 (0.16, 7.59,) 0.04 | − 0.05 (− 0.10, 0.004) 0.06 | ||||||
| Model 3 | 3.72 (0.01, 7.42) 0.04 | 3.65 (0.04, 7.36) 0.04 | 3.58 (0.10, 7.27) 0.04 | − 1.30 (− 5.03, 2.43) 0.49 | 3.74 (0.03, 7.46) 0.04 | − 0.44 (− 0.88, − 0.003) 0.04 | ||||||
| TC (mg/dl) | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 205.47 ± 4.68 | 195.90 ± 5.01 | 206.53 ± 4.86 | 195.55 ± 4.83 | 198.26 ± 4.91 | 203.61 ± 4.78 | 197.37 ± 4.87 | 204.57 ± 4.82 | 196.05 ± 5.01 | 205.39 ± 4.70 | 196.74 ± 4.76 | 205.58 ± 4.93 |
| GA,AA (143) | 193.82 ± 8.58 | 215.37 ± 9.54 | 201.82 ± 8.65 | 205.44 ± 9.48 | 193.05 ± 8.76 | 215.28 ± 9.33 | 196.16 ± 8.29 | 212.54 ± 9.95 | 212.01 ± 9.86 | 197.28 ± 8.39 | 211.77 ± 9.07 | 195.27 ± 9.01 |
| Model 1 | 31.12 (2.58, 59.65) 0.03 | 14.61 (− 13.92, 42.14) 0.31 | 27.57 (− 0.89, 56.04) 0.05 | 9.18 (− 19.55, 37.92) 0.53 | − 24.06 (− 52.8, 4.67) 0.10 | − 25.33 (− 53.77, 3.09) 0.08 | ||||||
| Model 2 | 29.95 (1.37, 58.53) 0.04 | 15.43 (− 13.14, 44.01) 0.29 | 27.5 (− 0.93, 55.94) 0.05 | 9.23 (− 19.46, 37.93) 0.52 | − 23.75 (− 52.45, 4.94) 0.10 | − 3.30 (− 6.98, 0.38) 0.07 | ||||||
| Model 3 | 29.36 (0.87, 57.92) 0.04 | 16.89 (− 11.68, 45.47) 0.24 | 27.02 (1.36, 55.40) 0.04 | 9.02 (− 19.70, 37.74) 0.53 | − 22.65 (− 51.34, 6.03) 0.12 | − 25.85 (− 54.22, 2.50) 0.06 | ||||||
| TG (mg/dl) | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 191.54 ± 6.71 | 192.88 ± 7.26 | 202.96 ± 6.94 | 181.54 ± 6.88 | 188.39 ± 7.07 | 195.72 ± 6.87 | 192.03 ± 7.04 | 192.28 ± 6.86 | 192.89 ± 7.23 | 191.52 ± 6.74 | 189.88 ± 6.87 | 194.58 ± 7.07 |
| GA,AA (143) | 190.48 ± 12.25 | 174.22 ± 13.72 | 162.02 ± 12.23 | 209.15 ± 13.50 | 185.25 ± 13.41 | 181.53 ± 12.49 | 168.22 ± 11.85 | 204.15 ± 14.13 | 187.61 ± 14.19 | 180.18 ± 11.96 | 190.55 ± 13.02 | 176.18 ± 12.83 |
| Model 1 | − 17.6 (− 58.55, 23.34) 0.39 | 68.55 (28.02, 109.08) 0.001 | − 11.04 (− 51.85, 29.76) 0.59 | 0.08 (0.001, 0.17) 0.04 | − 6.05 (− 47.27, 35.16) 0.77 | − 19.07 (− 59.80, 21.64) 0.35 | ||||||
| Model 2 | − 18.33 (− 59.15, 22.48) 0.37 | 70.15 (29.68, 110.62) 0.001 | − 12.73 (− 53.31, 27.84) 0.53 | 0.09 (0.003, 0.17) 0.04 | − 5.36 (− 46.36, 35.62) 0.79 | − 18.85 (− 59.35, 21.63) 0.36 | ||||||
| Model 3 | − 19.8 (− 60.54, 20.92) 0.34 | 69.59 (29.16, 110.03) 0.001 | − 9.80 (− 50.35, 30.74) 0.63 | 0.19 (0.02, 0.36) 0.02 | − 3.58 (− 44.54, 37.38) 0.86 | − 18.01 (− 58.45, 22.42) 0.38 | ||||||
| TC/HDL | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 3.01 ± 0.10 | 2.90 ± 0.11 | 3.06 ± 0.11 | 2.87 ± 0.11 | 2.99 ± 0.11 | 2.94 ± 0.11 | 2.93 ± 0.11 | 2.99 ± 0.11 | 2.84 ± 0.11 | 3.07 ± 0.10 | 2.92 ± 0.11 | 3.01 ± 0.11 |
| GA,AA (143) | 2.75 ± 0.20 | 3.15 ± 0.22 | 2.90 ± 0.20 | 2.97 ± 0.22 | 3.20 ± 0.21 | 2.69 ± 0.20 | 2.66 ± 0.19 | 3.27 ± 0.23 | 3.18 ± 0.22 | 2.75 ± 0.19 | 3.06 ± 0.21 | 2.80 ± 0.20 |
| Model 1 | 0.51 (− 0.15, 1.17) 0.13 | 0.25 (− 0.41, 0.91) 0.45 | − 0.46 (− 1.12, 0.20) 0.17 | 0.55 (− 0.11, 1.22) 0.10 | − 0.64 (− 1.31, 0.02) 0.05 | − 0.33 (− 0.99, 0.33) 0.32 | ||||||
| Model 2 | 0.56 (− 0.09, 1.22) 0.09 | 0.22 (− 0.43, 0.89) 0.49 | − 0.50 (− 1.16, 0.15) 0.13 | 0.55 (− 0.10, 1.22) 0.10 | − 0.65 (− 1.32, 0.009) 0.05 | − 0.34 (− 1.005, 0.31) 0.30 | ||||||
| Model 3 | 0.55 (− 0.1, 1.22) 0.09 | 0.24 (− 0.41, 0.90) 0.47 | − 0.49 (− 1.14, 0.17) 0.14 | 0.53 (− 0.12, 1.20) 0.11 | − 0.62 (− 1.28, 0.04) 0.06 | − 0.32 (− 1.01, 0.30) 0.29 | ||||||
| TG/HDL | ||||||||||||
| GG (500) | 3.78 ± 0.14 | 3.79 ± 0.15 | 3.99 ± 0.14 | 3.58 ± 0.14 | 3.76 ± 0.14 | 3.81 ± 0.14 | 3.82 ± 0.14 | 3.75 ± 0.14 | 3.76 ± 0.15 | 3.81 ± 0.14 | 3.75 ± 0.14 | 3.82 ± 0.14 |
| GA,AA (143) | 3.65 ± 0.25 | 3.79 ± 0.15 | 3.15 ± 0.25 | 3.99 ± 0.14 | 3.60 ± 0.27 | 3.47 ± 0.26 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 4.09 ± 0.29 | 3.71 ± 0.29 | 3.40 ± 0.24 | 3.64 ± 0.27 | 3.42 ± 0.26 |
| Model 1 | − 0.29 (− 1.15, 0.55) 0.49 | 1.26 (0.41, 2.108) 0.004 | − 0.17 (− 1.02, 0.68) 0.69 | 1.04 (0.19, 1.89) 0.01 | − 0.35 (− 1.21, 0.50) 0.41 | − 0.28 (− 1.13, 0.56) 0.50 | ||||||
| Model 2 | − 0.24 (− 1.08, 0.6) 0.57 | 1.24 (0.4, 2.08) 0.004 | − 0.24 (− 1.08, 0.59) 0.56 | 1.07 (0.23, 1.91) 0.01 | − 0.35 (− 1.19, 0.49) 0.41 | − 0.28 (− 1.12, 0.54) 0.49 | ||||||
| Model 3 | − 0.26 (− 1.1, 0.57)0.54 | 1.20 (0.37, 2.04) 0.005 | − 0.18n (− 1.01, 0.65) 0.66 | 1.02 (0.18, 1.87) 0.01 | − 0.31 (− 1.15, 0.53) 0.46 | − 0.27 (− 1.10, 0.56) 0.52 | ||||||
CI confidence interval, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein.
GG genotype is considered as a reference. Low median intakes of macronutrients considered as a reference.
P values for the interaction obtained in multivariate models using GLMs. Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, physical activity, alcohol consumption and lipid-lowering medications; model 3: adjusted for variables in model 2 plus for smoking, total energy intakes and fiber intake.