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. 2022 Jun 22;12:10544. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14823-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rotarod walking exercise reduced the decline of neuronal differentiation in the ventral SGZ region of M/P-treated mice. (a) Photomicrographs of the immunoreactivity of SGZ Ki67⁺ cells (CON, N = 6; M/P, N = 7; M/P + Ex, N = 7; Ex, N = 6, 100 × of magnification). (b) Photomicrographs of the immunoreactivity of SGZ DCX⁺ cells (CON, N = 6; M/P, N = 7; M/P + Ex, N = 7; Ex, N = 6, 100 × of magnification). (c) Quantification of the immunoreactivity of SGZ Ki67⁺ cells showing that exercise increased the number of Ki67⁺ cells, regardless of MPTP treatment. (d) Quantification of the immunoreactivity of SGZ DCX⁺ cells showing that exercise restored the M/P-induced decrease in DCX⁺ cells in the ventral SGZ, and increased the number of DCX⁺ cells in the dorsal region, regardless of MPTP treatment. (e) Photomicrographs of the double fluorescent staining of dorsal SGZ BrdU⁺ and NeuN⁺ cells (CON, N = 8; M/P, N = 9; M/P + Ex, N = 9; Ex, N = 8, 100 × of magnification). (f) Photomicrographs of the double fluorescent staining of ventral SGZ BrdU⁺ and NeuN⁺ cells (CON, N = 8; M/P, N = 9; M/P + Ex, N = 9; Ex, N = 8, 100 × of magnification). (g) Quantification of the fluorescent staining of SGZ BrdU⁺ cells showing that exercise increased the number of BrdU⁺ cells, regardless of MPTP treatment. (h) Quantification of the fluorescent staining of SGZ BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells showing that exercise restored the M/P-induced decrease in BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells in the ventral SGZ, while increasing the number of BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells in the dorsal region, regardless of MPTP treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, vs. CON; **p < 0.01, vs. CON; ^#p < 0.05, vs. M/P; ^##p < 0.01, vs. M/P; ^&p < 0.05, vs. M/P + Ex; ^&&p < 0.01, vs. M/P + Ex.