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. 2022 Jun 23;14:32. doi: 10.1038/s41368-022-00183-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Periodontitis salivary microbiota with increased periopathogenic bacteria may enter the gut. a, b α diversity-Chao1 and Shannon indexes of the salivary microbiota. Statistical significance was determined using the Wilcoxon test. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. c Principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac distances (Adonis analysis, P < 0.05). d The LDA graph shows the significantly enriched bacteria in the PH-S (green bar) and SP-S (red bar) groups. Taxa with an LDA score >3.25 are shown. e The Venn diagram shows the shared bacteria of saliva and faeces. f The Source Tracker analysis shows saliva-derived microbiota in the faecal samples. “Saliva (+)” indicates the percentage of the PH and SP groups that had saliva-derived bacteria in their gut microbiota. “Saliva (−)” indicating the percentage of the PH and SP groups that did not have saliva-derived bacteria in their gut microbiota. “Saliva” refers to the percentage of saliva-derived bacteria in the faecal samples, and “unknown” refers to the percentage of other bacteria that were not derived from saliva. n = 16 in the PH group and n = 21 in the SP group. *P < 0.05