Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Trauma. 2021 Dec 23;16(2):347–352. doi: 10.1037/tra0001175

Table 3.

Underreporting of Physical Trauma on a PTE Assessment Among Those Reporting Physical IPV on the DHS Domestic Violence Module

Potential correlate Total(n = 113)N (%) Reported physical IPV and abuse on DHS IPV module and PTE assessment(n = 54)N (%) Reported physical IPV (DHS IPV module) but no physical abuse (PTE assessment)(n = 59)N (%) χ2 p
Sociodemographics
 Gender
  Male 33 (29.2) 17 (51.5) 16 (48.5) 0.26 0.61
  Female 80 (70.8) 37 (46.2) 43 (53.8)
 Age
  < 40 66 (58.4) 33 (50.0) 33 (50.0) 0.31 0.58
  40+ 47 (41.6) 21 (44.7) 26 (55.3)
 Relationship status
  Single 55 (48.7) 25 (45.4) 30 (54.5) 0.23 0.63
  Partnered 58 (51.3) 29 (50.0) 29 (50.0)
 Education
  None 9 (8.0) 1 (11.1) 8 (88.9) 6.35 0.04
  Primary 62 (54.9) 29 (46.8) 33 (53.2)
  Secondary 42 (37.2) 24 (57.1) 18 (42.9)
 Religion
  Catholic 43 (38.0) 17 (39.5) 26 (60.5) 5.16 0.16
  Protestant 29 (25.7) 19 (65.5) 10 (34.5)
  Born Again 31 (27.4) 14 (45.2) 17 (54.8)
  Other 10 (8.9) 4 (40.0) 6 (60.0)
Specific IPV acts reported
 Pushed/threw something
  No 63 (55.8) 33 (52.4) 30 (47.6) 1.20 0.27
  Yes 50 (44.2) 21 (42.0) 29 (58.0)
 Slapped
  No 23 (20.5) 7 (30.4) 16 (69.6) 3.31 0.07
  Yes 89 (79.5) 46 (51.7) 43 (48.3)
 Twisted arm/pulled hair
  No 87 (77.7) 47 (54.0) 40 (46.0) 5.27 0.02
  Yes 25 (22.3) 7 (28.0) 18 (72.0)
 Punched
  No 67 (59.3) 40 (59.7) 27 (40.3) 9.36 <0.01
  Yes 46 (40.7) 14 (30.4) 32 (69.6)
 Kicked/dragged
  No 81 (71.7) 42 (51.8) 39 (48.2) 1.89 0.17
  Yes 32 (28.3) 12 (37.5) 20 (62.5)
 Strangle/burn
  No 100 (89.3) 51 (51.0) 49 (49.0) 2.90 0.09
  Yes 12 (10.7) 3 (25.0) 9 (75.0)
 Threatened with weapon
  No 87 (77.7) 44 (50.6) 43 (49.4) 0.87 0.35
  Yes 25 (22.3) 10 (40.0) 15 (60.0)
 Used weapon
  No 99 (88.4) 51 (51.5) 48 (48.5) 3.72 0.05
  Yes 13 (11.6) 3 (23.1) 10 (76.9)

Note. Missing: slapped n=1; twisted arm/pulled hair n = 1; used weapon n = 1; threatened with weapon n = 1; strangle/burn n = 1. DHS = Demographic and Health Survey; IPV = intimate partner violence; PTE = potentially traumatic event.