Table 2.

Hydroxychloroquine Use and Cardiovascular Events According to Hydroxychloroquine Exposure Status Among Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis

	Cases, N	Controls, N	Conditional Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Conditional Odds Ratio* (95% CI)
All Combined CV Events
Remote HCQ Users	1305	3385	1.0 (reference)	1.0 (reference)
Recent HCQ users	244	635	1.00 (0.85, 1.18)	0.93 (0.77, 1.13)
Current HCQ users	1182	3449	0.88 (0.81, 0.97)	0.86 (0.77, 0.97)
HCQ non-users	7537	22500	0.87 (0.81, 0.93)	0.96 (0.88, 1.04)
All Myocardial Infarction
Remote HCQ Users	566	1411	1.0 (reference)	1.0 (reference)
Recent HCQ users	98	242	1.00 (0.78, 1.29)	1.12 (0.82, 1.53)
Current HCQ users	517	1495	0.85 (0.74, 0.98)	0.88 (0.74, 1.05)
HCQ non-users	3208	9753	0.81 (0.73, 0.91)	0.98 (0.85, 1.12)
All Stroke/TIA
Remote HCQ Users	536	1474	1.0 (reference)	1.0 (reference)
Recent HCQ users	91	249	0.99 (0.76, 1.29)	0.83 (0.61, 1.12)
Current HCQ users	435	1401	0.86 (0.74, 0.99)	0.87 (0.74, 1.03)
HCQ non-users	3178	9340	0.95 (0.85, 1.05)	1.00 (0.88, 1.13)
All Venous Thromboembolism
Remote HCQ Users	321	785	1.0 (reference)	1.0 (reference)
Recent HCQ users	60	155	0.94 (0.68, 1.31)	0.65 (0.44, 0.98)
Current HCQ users	266	820	0.78 (0.64, 0.95)	0.74 (0.59, 0.94)
HCQ non-users	1475	4475	0.80 (0.69, 0.93)	0.90 (0.75, 1.08)

^*Additionally adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index, prior CV disease, chronic kidney disease, glucocorticoid use, DMARD use, cardiovascular medication use, anticoagulant use, and healthcare utilization including number of hospitalizations and number of outpatient visits all assessed one year prior to the index date.

CV, cardiovascular; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; TIA, transient ischemic attack

Exposure classifications: current use- last prescription date covered <90 days before index date; recent use- last prescription date covered 90–365 days before index date; remote use- >365 days before index date