Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the first episode in the total cases, relapsing, and non - relapsing patients.
| Variables | Total cases (n=100) | Relapsing (n=26) | No relapsing (n=74) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at onset (years) | 52 (33, 63) | 57 (38, 66) | 48 (33, 62) | 0.225 |
| Gender - Male | 54 (54.0) | 12 (46.2) | 42 (56.8) | 0.351 |
| Presenting symptom | ||||
| Fever ( > 37.5°C) | 34 (34.0) | 8 (30.8) | 26 (35.1) | 0.686 |
| Acute symptomatic seizure | 87 (87.0) | 24 (92.3) | 63 (85.1) | 0.505 |
| Status epilepticus | 42 (42.0) | 9 (34.6) | 33 (44.6) | 0.375 |
| Psychiatric symptoms | 64 (64.0) | 18 (69.2) | 46 (62.2) | 0.518 |
| Movement disorders | 37 (37.0) | 7 (26.9) | 30 (40.5) | 0.216 |
| Cognitive impairment | 65 (65.0) | 18 (69.2) | 47 (63.5) | 0.599 |
| Speech disturbance | 19 (19.0) | 6 (23.1) | 13 (17.6) | 0.567 |
| Impairment of consciousness | 36 (36.0) | 9 (34.6) | 27 (36.5) | 0.864 |
| Sleep disorders | 39 (39.0) | 9 (34.6) | 30 (40.5) | 0.594 |
| Tumor | 11 (11.0) | 2 (7.7) | 9 (12.2) | 0.723 |
| Ancillary examination | ||||
| Abnormal EEG | 57 (57.0) | 16 (61.5) | 41 (55.4) | 0.587 |
| Abnormal brain MRI | 55 (55.0) | 12 (46.2) | 43 (58.1) | 0.292 |
| Abnormal CSF | 86 (86.0) | 22 (84.6) | 64 (86.5) | 0.754 |
| Antibodies type | ||||
| NMDAR | 40 (40.0) | 10 (38.5) | 30 (40.5) | 0.619 |
| GABABR | 24 (24.0) | 8 (30.8) | 16 (21.6) | |
| LGI1 | 36 (36.0) | 8 (30.8) | 28 (37.8) | |
| Antibody titer | ||||
| + | 31 (31.0) | 8 (30.8) | 23 (31.1) | 0.433 |
| ++ | 51 (51.0) | 11 (42.3) | 40 (54.1) | |
| +++ | 18 (18.0) | 7 (26.9) | 11 (14.9) | |
| Treatment | ||||
| First-line immunotherapy | ||||
| MTP | 85 (85.0) | 22 (84.6) | 63 (85.1) | 1 |
| IVIG | 76 (76.1) | 21 (80.8) | 55 (74.3) | 0.508 |
| MTP + IVIG | 62 (62.0) | 17 (65.4) | 45 (60.8) | 0.679 |
| Second-line immunotherapy | 6 (6.0) | 1 (3.8) | 5 (6.8) | 1 |
| Without immunotherapy | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 |
| Immunotherapy delay | 50 (50.0) | 18 (69.2) | 32 (43.2) | 0.023 |
| ICU admission | 45 (45.0) | 11 (42.3) | 34 (45.9) | 0.748 |
| Long hospital stay | 31 (31.0) | 9 (34.6) | 22 (29.7) | 0.643 |
| Follow-up duration (Months) | 18 (10, 30) | 18 (11, 30) | 18 (9, 28) | 0.877 |
EEG, electroencephalogram; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; LGI1, leucin-rich glioma inactivated-1; GABABR, g-aminobutyric acid type B receptor; MTP, methylprednisolone; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; ICU, intensive care unit.
Bold entries indicate p < 0.05.