Table 1.
Medical conditions, drugs and medications potentially affecting l-T4 absorption in children.
| Diseases | Drugs and medications |
|---|---|
| Coeliac disease | Acid suppression therapies (proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, sucralfate) |
| Lactose intolerance | Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam) |
| Atrophic gastritis | Calcium salts (carbonate, citrate, and acetate) |
| Helicobacter pylori | Ferrous sulphate |
| Chronic cholestasis and liver cirrhosis | Multivitamins (containing ferrous sulfate or calcium carbonate) |
| Short bowel disease | Cation exchange resins (Kayexelate) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | Simethicone |
| Intestinal surgery | Ciprofloxacin |
| Giardiasis | β-blockers |
| Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) | Charcoal |
| Foods | |
| Ingestion with a meal (food intake) | Oral bisphosphonates |
| Cow’s milk? | Phosphate binders (Sevelamer hydrochloride, aluminium hydroxide) |
| Dietary fibre | Rifampicin |
| Grapefruit | Polystyrene sulfonate |
| Soybeans and soy | Tricyclic antidepressant |
| Papaya | |