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. 2022 Jun 9;16:875138. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.875138

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Copyright © 2022 Xiao, Liu, Lu, Sha, Xu, Yu and Lee.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Astrocyte and microglial roles in sleep disturbance linked Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep disturbances accelerate the neuropathological changes of AD. During normal sleep/wake rhythm, astrocytic adenosinergic A1, A2, and A3 inhibit neural overactivation, while sleep disturbance attenuates microglial CX3CR1 and P2Y12 further inhibiting the phagocytic capacity of microglia. Abnormal sleep rhythms also promote microglial Iba-1 and astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and increase microglia-mediated proinflammatory releases, such as IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα. Activated inflammatory status further induces microglial Aβ aggregation and microglial-accumulated tau in AD.