Table 1.

Indication of the major endogenous sources of dsRNA, their privileged dsRNA-binding proteins, and their propensity to be deaminated.

Endogenous dsRNA source	dsRNA binding proteins engaged	ADAR substrates
Mitochondrial dsRNA	PKR	No
LINE dsRNA	MDA5	Yes
SINE dsRNA	PKR	Yes
ERV dsRNA	MDA5 > RIG-I	Yes
ncRNA dsRNA	Drosha, Dicer, miRISC	No