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. 2022 Jun 9;7:849263. doi: 10.3389/frma.2022.849263

Table 1.

Evolution of science policy.

1. Individual entrepreneur to corporate innovators 11. From neoclassical to evolutionary economics
2. Laissez faire to government intervention 12. From neoclassical to new growth theory
3. Two factors of production to three 13. From the optimizing firm to resource-based view of the firm
4. Single division to multidivisional effects 14. From individual actors to systems of innovation
5. Technology adoption to innovation diffusion 15. From market failure to system failure
6. Science push to demand pull? 16. From one to two “faces” of R&D
7. Single to multi-factor explanations of innovation 17. From “Mode 1” to “Mode 2”
8. From a static to a dynamic model of innovation 18. From single technology to multi-technology firms
9. From linear model to “chain-link” model 19. From national to multi-level systems of innovation
10. One innovation process to sector-specific types 20. From closed to open innovation