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. 2022 Jun 9;13:884866. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.884866

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Copyright © 2022 Masuoka and Miyauchi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Laryngeal approach: Marking a hole in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle at the lateral edge of the thyroid cartilage using electrocautery. (B) Laryngeal approach: Dissection of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles along the lateral edge of the thyroid cartilage. (C) Laryngeal approach: Cutting the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles along the lateral edge of the thyroid cartilage using a pair of bipolar coagulators. (D) Laryngeal approach: Locating the peripheral RLN behind the thyroid cartilage. (E) Laryngeal approach: Performing ARA with the distal portion of the RLN that was found behind the thyroid cartilage.