Table 3.
Excess risk and 95% confidence intervals of acute lower respiratory infection, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis for per interquartile range increment in ambient PM2.5 (daily mean, daily excessive concentration hours [DECH], and hourly peak) stratified by gender, age group, and season.
| Pollutants | Stratum | Excessive risk (95% confidence intervals) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALRI | Pneumonia | Bronchiolitis | ||
| PM2.5 daily mean | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male (N = 47,966) | 13.25 (10.01, 16.59) | 18.58 (13.92, 23.43) | 10.96 (7.37, 14.67) | |
| Female (N = 57,673) | 8.27 (4.93, 11.71) | 11.91 (7.17, 16.87) | 7.18 (3.09, 11.43) | |
| Age | ||||
| <5 (N = 41,799) | 10.47 (7.53, 13.49) | 14.39 (10.48, 18.45) | 8.62 (5.27, 12.07) | |
| 5–14 (N = 63,840) | 13.11 (8.34, 18.09) | 21.40 (12.60, 30.90) | 13.34 (7.89, 19.07) | |
| Season | ||||
| Warm (N = 40,922) | 1.45 (0.32, 2.60) | 0.61 (−0.82, 2.05) | 2.23 (0.85, 3.62) | |
| Cold (N = 64,717) | 15.05 (10.87, 19.39) | 24.17 (18.64, 29.97) | 11.28 (6.78, 15.95) | |
| PM2.5 DECH | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male (N = 47,966) | 14.00 (10.88, 17.22) | 19.02 (14.55, 23.66) | 11.75 (8.28, 15.34) | |
| Female (N = 57,673) | 9.69 (6.36, 13.12) | 12.97 (8.40, 17.72) | 7.90 (3.95, 12.00) | |
| Age | ||||
| <5 (N = 41,799) | 11.14 (8.30, 14.05) | 15.04 (11.28, 18.93) | 9.23 (5.99, 12.56) | |
| 5–14 (N = 63,840) | 16.97 (12.19, 21.96) | 22.20 (13.80, 31.23) | 14.61 (9.35, 20.12) | |
| Season | ||||
| Warm (N = 40,922) | 1.65 (0.54, 2.76) | 1.14 (−0.27, 2.56) | 2.18 (0.84, 3.55) | |
| Cold (N = 64,717) | 15.68 (11.69, 19.81) | 24.34 (19.13, 29.79) | 11.96 (7.65, 16.44) | |
| PM2.5 hourly peak | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male (N = 47,966) | 11.16 (8.05, 14.36) | 16.12 (11.68, 20.73) | 8.87 (5.42, 12.43) | |
| Female (N = 57,673) | 8.27 (4.93, 11.71) | 10.73 (6.18, 15.48) | 6.91 (2.94, 11.03) | |
| Age | ||||
| <5 (N = 41,799) | 9.27 (6.43, 12.18) | 12.96 (9.22, 16.84) | 7.39 (4.15, 10.73) | |
| 5–14 (N = 63,840) | 13.11 (8.34, 18.09) | 17.12 (8.68, 26.22) | 11.22 (6.00, 16.70) | |
| Season | ||||
| Warm (N = 40,922) | 0.30 (−0.68, 1.29) | −0.14 (-1.40, 1.15) | 0.76 (−0.43, 1.97) | |
| Cold (N = 64,717) | 15.02 (10.77, 19.43) | 24.47 (18.81, 30.40) | 11.07 (6.52, 15.81) | |
The bold type represents the statistically significant differences (p <0.05).
Warm seasons, April to September; cold seasons, October to March.