Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with GAC grouped by education level.
| Characteristics | All | Q1 (Low) | Q2 (Moderate) | Q3 (High) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 30,409 | n = 7,626 | n = 14,823 | n = 7,960 | ||
| Age (years) | 0.071 | ||||
| < =65 | 14,367 (47.25%) | 3,670 (48.12%) | 7,012 (47.30%) | 3,685 (46.29%) | |
| >65 | 16,042 (52.75%) | 3,956 (51.88%) | 7,811 (52.70%) | 4,275 (53.71%) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 19,566 (64.34%) | 5,063 (66.39%) | 9,465 (63.85%) | 5,038 (63.29%) | |
| Female | 10,843 (35.66%) | 2,563 (33.61%) | 5,358 (36.15%) | 2,922 (36.71%) | |
| Race | <0.001 | ||||
| NHW | 15,564 (51.18%) | 4,385 (57.50%) | 7,315 (49.35%) | 3,864 (48.54%) | |
| NHB | 3,877 (12.75%) | 1,408 (18.46%) | 1,626 (10.97%) | 843 (10.59%) | |
| NHAPI | 4,801 (15.79%) | 349 (4.58%) | 2,562 (17.28%) | 1,890 (23.74%) | |
| Hispanic | 6,167 (20.28%) | 1,484 (19.46%) | 3,320 (22.40%) | 1,363 (17.12%) | |
| Insurance status | <0.001 | ||||
| Insured | 23,648 (77.77%) | 5,945 (77.96%) | 11,345 (76.54%) | 6,358 (79.87%) | |
| Uninsured | 1,375 (4.52%) | 321 (4.21%) | 726 (4.90%) | 328 (4.12%) | |
| Medicaid | 5,386 (17.71%) | 1,360 (17.83%) | 2,752 (18.57%) | 1,274 (16.01%) | |
| Marital status | 0.033 | ||||
| Married | 18,723 (61.57%) | 4,645 (60.91%) | 9,078 (61.24%) | 5,000 (62.81%) | |
| Divorced | 2,592 (8.52%) | 703 (9.22%) | 1,264 (8.53%) | 625 (7.85%) | |
| Single | 4,807 (15.81%) | 1,194 (15.66%) | 2,392 (16.14%) | 1,221 (15.34%) | |
| Widowed | 4,287 (14.10%) | 1,084 (14.21%) | 2,089 (14.09%) | 1,114 (13.99%) | |
| SEER stage | 0.008 | ||||
| Distant | 13,381 (44.00%) | 3,423 (44.89%) | 6,544 (44.15%) | 3,414 (42.89%) | |
| Localized | 6,862 (22.57%) | 1,765 (23.14%) | 3,313 (22.35%) | 1,784 (22.41%) | |
| Regional | 10,166 (33.43%) | 2,438 (31.97%) | 4,966 (33.50%) | 2,762 (34.70%) | |
| AJCC stage | 0.134 | ||||
| I | 8,152 (26.81%) | 2,075 (27.21%) | 3,920 (26.45%) | 2,157 (27.10%) | |
| II | 4,100 (13.48%) | 979 (12.84%) | 2,010 (13.56%) | 1,111 (13.96%) | |
| III | 3,823 (12.57%) | 919 (12.05%) | 1,891 (12.76%) | 1,013 (12.73%) | |
| IV | 14,334 (47.14%) | 3,653 (47.90%) | 7,002 (47.24%) | 3,679 (46.22%) | |
| Tumor grade | <0.001 | ||||
| I | 1,093 (3.59%) | 285 (3.74%) | 506 (3.41%) | 302 (3.79%) | |
| II | 6,910 (22.72%) | 1,866 (24.47%) | 3,294 (22.22%) | 1,750 (21.98%) | |
| III | 17,555 (57.73%) | 4,150 (54.42%) | 8,803 (59.39%) | 4,602 (57.81%) | |
| IV | 488 (1.60%) | 132 (1.73%) | 236 (1.59%) | 120 (1.51%) | |
| Unknown | 4,363 (14.35%) | 1,193 (15.64%) | 1,984 (13.38%) | 1,186 (14.90%) | |
| Metastasis | 0.037 | ||||
| No | 17,681 (58.14%) | 4,376 (57.38%) | 8,584 (57.91%) | 4,721 (59.31%) | |
| Yes | 12,728 (41.86%) | 3,250 (42.62%) | 6,239 (42.09%) | 3,239 (40.69%) | |
| Income | <0.001 | ||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 7,749 (25.48%) | 5,561 (72.92%) | 1,871 (12.62%) | 317 (3.98%) | |
| Q2 | 8,028 (26.40%) | 1,774 (23.26%) | 6,197 (41.81%) | 57 (0.72%) | |
| Q3 | 7,148 (23.51%) | 276 (3.62%) | 5,487 (37.02%) | 1,385 (17.40%) | |
| Q4 (highest) | 7,484 (24.61%) | 15 (0.20%) | 1,268 (8.55%) | 6,201 (77.90%) | |
| Unemployment rate | <0.001 | ||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 8,249 (27.13%) | 963 (12.63%) | 2,367 (15.97%) | 4,919 (61.80%) | |
| Q2 | 7,391 (24.31%) | 1,093 (14.33%) | 4,571 (30.84%) | 1,727 (21.70%) | |
| Q3 | 7,369 (24.23%) | 416 (5.46%) | 5,846 (39.44%) | 1,107 (13.91%) | |
| Q4 (highest) | 7,400 (24.33%) | 5,154 (67.58%) | 2,039 (13.76%) | 207 (2.60%) | |
| Poverty rate | <0.001 | ||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 7,686 (25.28%) | 275 (3.61%) | 3,056 (20.62%) | 4,355 (54.71%) | |
| Q2 | 7,548 (24.82%) | 782 (10.25%) | 4,102 (27.67%) | 2,664 (33.47%) | |
| Q3 | 7,714 (25.37%) | 1,175 (15.41%) | 6,199 (41.82%) | 340 (4.27%) | |
| Q4 (highest) | 7,461 (24.54%) | 5,394 (70.73%) | 1,466 (9.89%) | 601 (7.55%) | |
| Chemotherapy | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 16,667 (54.81%) | 4,084 (53.55%) | 7,980 (53.84%) | 4,603 (57.83%) | |
| No/Unknown | 13,742 (45.19%) | 3,542 (46.45%) | 6,843 (46.16%) | 3,357 (42.17%) | |
| Radiation | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 8,529 (28.05%) | 2,333 (30.59%) | 3,946 (26.62%) | 2,250 (28.27%) | |
| No | 21,880 (71.95%) | 5,293 (69.41%) | 10,877 (73.38%) | 5,710 (71.73%) | |
| Surgery | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 14,699 (48.34%) | 3,440 (45.11%) | 7,338 (49.50%) | 3,921 (49.26%) | |
| No | 15,710 (51.66%) | 4,186 (54.89%) | 7,485 (50.50%) | 4,039 (50.74%) |
NHW, non-Hispanic White; NHB, non-Hispanic Black; NHAPI, non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.
Q1, low education level; Q2, moderate education level; Q3; high education level. p-Value is for comparisons among the three groups: Q1, Q2, and Q3.